HEALTH AND STUDY BOGOWONTO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT BASED ON HYDROLOGICAL INDICATORS

: The Bogowonto watershed was used as a research location because it is one of the largest watersheds with an area of 605.91 km 2 and has a sizeable contribution to the sustainability of water resources in Central Java Province. Watershed health assessment is intended to determine the level of health of the watershed by reviewing it watershed hydrological indicators based on the quantity of surface water. Relationship between indicators hydrology with the watershed health index described by the power regression model. Recommendations or directions watershed management planning priority scale from the results of an assessment of the appropriate watershed health level with PP RI No. 37 of 2012 concerning Watershed Management. The results of the analysis show that the health level of the Dodokan watershed from 2011 - 2020 is dominated by medium category. Connection watershed health index (IKD) with hydrological indicators yields which shows that the watershed health index is a function of hydrological indicators. watershed management planning recommended in the future is by: 1) the application of the technique soil and water conservation is carried out in order to maintain the continuity of the water catchment area, maintain the quality, quantity, continuity and distribution of water and 2) vegetation management is carried out in the context of conserving biodiversity, increasing land productivity, restoration ecosystem, rehabilitation and land reclamation.


INTRODUCTION
Watershed (DAS) is a land area which is One unity with river and children functioning river accommodate, store and drain the water that comes from it from bulk Rain to lake or sea in a manner page 539 Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health Volume 2, No. 7 July 2023 natural, limits on land is separator topography and maritime boundaries until with area still waters affected activity on land (Reg Republic of Indonesia Government No. 37 of 2012).Within the watershed there are various component like soil, vegetation, water, rivers, flora and fauna, buildings physical and human along mutual activity interact One each other, together compile unity ecosystem from upstream until with downstream of the watershed.it make the existence and function of the watershed becomes so important For support continuity life humans and creatures live in it.
One function main from the DAS is as water supplier with good quantity and quality especially for resident or residents in the area downstream.However from time to time, growth and development sufficient population rapidly cause enhancement need man will source water power.Fulfillment need resident will cause exploitation source Power natural in a manner superfluous which is not in accordance with ability.this tend cause over function land, more extent land critical, increasing critical watershed, illegal logging and the causes other give negative impact on watershed functions so result in occurrence decline watershed function periodically.circumstances cause watershed health to be deteriorate and make watershed function is not walk with ok.The watershed will not be healthy cause excess water (flood ) at the time season rain and drought at times season drought.
Watershed health is tight term relation with watershed criticality or a parameter used For evaluate performance or watershed function already walk with Good or not yet.A watershed can said No Healthy or in circumstances critical if land experience degradation, system hydrology experience damage, ecosystem experience damage and welfare the watershed community is declining (Narendra et al., 2021).In other words the health of the watershed consists from a number of aspect that is aspect use land, aspect hydrology, aspect ecosystem and aspects socio-economic.(Asdak, 2007) views DAS as something ecosystem, so is monitoring and evaluation unit Because every There is input to in ecosystem the can evaluated processes that have been and are being going on with see the output of ecosystem the.The watershed area consists of from component Soil, vegetation and water play a role as processor.Producing monitoring and evaluation activities information about level the health of the watershed concerned in the system management applied Can looked at as diagnostic activity (Close, 2007).
Various monitoring indicator watershed performance that includes component biophysical, hydrological, social economy, investment building and

Land use analysis of the Bogowonto watershed
The results of calculating the percentage of land cover by permanent vegetation (PPV) and changes in land use are presented in Table 5 The data used is land use data for the Bogowonto watershed in 2016 (BBWS Serayu Opak, 2016).From the results of the analysis, it was found that the area covered by permanent vegetation in the form of forests

Weighting analysis with the Analytical Hierarchy Process method
The weighting analysis of each hydrological indicator uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method.The AHP provides a priority order of the weight values of each indicator based on certain considerations by going through three stages, namely pairwise comparisons which were previously preceded by an assessment for each hydrological indicator, then prioritized synthesis and finally the consistency test.Comparisons are made based on the policy of the decision maker by assessing the level of importance of each indicator to one another.The process of starting a pairwise comparison of each indicator is from the highest hierarchical level to select indicators, then the elements are compared.
In this study the assessment of the scale of importance was based on the results of previous research from (Sheikh et al., 2006)   Total 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 9.00 1.00 The total value is obtained from the sum of the number scales horizontally (each row).Then the total value of the indicators for each row is added up so that the sum is used as the denominator.The result of the total number scale for each indicator is divided by the total result of the sum of the total number scale results for each indicator.The result of this division is called the Egen Vector (EV) which will later become the weight of each hydrological indicator.The weight of each indicator is multiplied by 100% so that the weight value is expressed in percentage form (Table 5.30 ).After that, a consistency test was carried out with the condition that CR <0.1 (Figure 20).From the multiplication of the number scale for each indicator with the weight, the λ max value is 10.44, so using Equation (3.18) and Equation (3.19) we get a CI value of 0.18 and a CR value of 0.12.That means the value of each hydrological indicator weight is said to be consistent because CR <0.1.
range of the health level of the Bogowonto watershed can be known after the results obtained from the weighting analysis using the AHP method.The calculation of the class range for the health level of the Bogowonto watershed is based on previous research from Nugroho (2010) who tried to carry out a simulation by multiplying the categorization values namely bad (1), moderate (2), and healthy (3) with the weight of each indicator so as to produce IKD from three categories with category determination is based on the assumption that the resulting scores are normally distributed.The normal curve consists of 6 standard deviations (Setyowati & Qomariyah, 2022).Furthermore, the upper and lower limits of the watershed health class range are determined from the simulation calculation results in the following way (Atrizka et al., 2022).

Scoring analysis for watershed soundness classification
The scoring analysis was carried out based on an assessment of the health level of the Bogowonto watershed which was divided into two, namely an annual analysis of the health of the watershed to see changes in the health of the watershed from year to year and as a whole using the average value of each hydrological indicator calculation result from 2011 to 2020.Values and categories use good/healthy (3), moderate (2), and bad/unhealthy (1).The results of the annual scoring analysis show that the health condition of the Bogowonto watershed tends to change.However, the level of health is dominated by the moderate category.The results of the overall scoring analysis for the Bogowonto watershed produced a score watershed health level (IKD) of 1 88.14.This shows that level the health of the Bogowonto watershed is in the moderate category.The soundness level of the Bogowonto watershed is in the moderate category indicating that from a hydrological perspective the conditions are The Bogowonto watershed still needs further watershed management planning to restore the condition of the watershed so that later it is hoped that it can change the condition of the Bogowonto watershed from moderate to good.Health Diagnostics regularly can be done within a span of 10 years.
, and bad/sick (1)    From the results of testing the relationship between hydrological indicators on the soundness of the watershed using the Spearman's correlation test on the KRS indicator, it was obtained that the value of p = 0.025 and the value of r = 0.698, so that it can be concluded that the KRS indicator on the level of soundness of the watershed has a significant relationship with the direction and strength of a strong positive relationship.

Directions for the priority scale of watershed management planning
Watershed health assessment analysis is one way to identify problems in the Bogowonto watershed.Paimin et al (2002) explained that the steps taken to identify problems are by understanding the characteristics of the watershed, in this case the characteristics of the watershed are focused on the hydrological characteristics of the watershed and by knowing the potential vulnerability of the watershed.From a hydrological perspective, the identification of problems related to watershed health in the Bogowonto watershed is regarding the quantity and continuity of surface runoff.The problems found from the results of the Bogowonto watershed health assessment analysis are as follows.a.There is no continuity of water flow and the ability of the land to store rainwater and release water is low; b. in ways such as increasing the preservation and protection of water resources, water-saving programs, making water reservoirs, determining water usage rates, forming water resources management institutions, protecting forest ecosystems, making biopores and making infiltration wells (Reij et al., 2013).
Vegetation management is carried out in the context of conserving biodiversity, increasing land productivity, ecosystem restoration, land rehabilitation and reclamation.Vegetation management can be done by managing forests and terrestrial (surface) vegetation types such as trees which have the function of production and protection of soil and water (Calder, 2012)

CONCLUSION
From the results of the analysis of watershed health assessment based on hydrological indicators in the Bogowonto watershed, it can be concluded that the health level of the Bogowonto watershed from 2011 -2020 is dominated by the moderate category.Watershed health indicators only apply under normal conditions, but if there are external factors that exceed the carrying capacity of the watershed then the interpretation or results of the indicators on watershed health are invalid or invalid.The health condition of the Bogowonto watershed can change if there are certain external factors or additional loads that interfere with the resilience of the watershed's carrying capacity.
The recommended planning directions are carried out in several ways, namely: 1. Application of soil and water conservation techniques is carried out in order to maintain the continuity of the water catchment area, maintain the quality, quantity, continuity and distribution of water by carrying out flood control by constructing ponds, controlling dams floods, and construction of infiltration wells and in several ways such as: a) soil conservation can be done by selecting land cover vegetation, preventing erosion, regulating salinity, controlling acidity, increasing the preservation of beneficial soil organisms, cultivating contoured soil, crop rotation, using natural fertilizer.Whereas for b) water conservation can be carried out in ways such as increasing the preservation and protection of water resources, saving water programs, making water reservoirs, determining water usage rates, forming water resources management institutions, protecting forest ecosystems, making biopores and making absorption wells and 2. Vegetation management is carried out in the framework of conserving biodiversity, increasing land productivity, ecosystem restoration, land rehabilitation and reclamation.
, plantations and shrubs (Ministry of Forestry, 2013) (Wahyunto & Dariah, 2014) was 354.94 km2 or 58.58% of the total watershed area.The map of land use change (landuse ) obtained from Google Earth is then cropped using the Geographic Information System (GIS) arcMAP 10.2.2 based on the watershed boundaries that have been obtained and in accordance with the research location, namely the Bogowonto watershed.Based on the Regulation of the Director General of Watershed Management Development and Social Forestry Number: P.3/V-Set/2013 concerning Guidelines for the Identification of Watershed Characteristics, permanent vegetation is in the form of forests, plantations and shrubs.The three land covers are used as a reference in this study to see the extent of the catchment area and see its relation to the hydrological conditions in the Bogowonto watershed.

Figure 1
Bogowonto watershed land use map Quantitative data on changes in land use in the Bogowonto watershed were obtained from the Serayu Opak River Basin Office and were only available in 2013, due to limited data available.Quantitative data on land use change is used to see changes in land cover that become water catchment areas Figure 2 Land use changes in the Bogowonto watershed in 2011 and 2014 page 550 Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health Volume 2, No. 7 July 2023 Stage after field is process data with using GIS and microsoft, then analyze based destination to be achieved.Results obtained that is change use occurring land in the 24 year perioddominated change closing land that is decline wide forest protect of 618.26 ha and an increase wide moor of 1,141.97ha.Change use land to RTRW directives consist of from category compatible 33,240.51ha, no compatible of 20,730.32ha, and not yet compatible of 5,726.50ha.

Table 3
Comparison matrix for each indicator by producing KSA, IPA, KRS and PPV indicators that have a close relationship and are used as indicators that can be used as hydrological indicators for early diagnosis of watershed health in the main rivers in Java Island.Therefore the KSA, IPA KRS, and PPV indicators are given a number scale of 4 which is larger than the other indicator number scales.One indicator compared to itself is given a value of 1.If indicator x compared to indicator y produces a certain value, then if indicator y is compared to indicator x it is the opposite value.The next stage is to make the normalization decision matrix that is presented.

Table 13
The results of the evaluation of the categorization of each indicator