A PRAGMATIC REVIEW OF INDONESIAN NETIZEN’S TWITTER OPINIONSABOUT THE RUSSIA VS UKRAINE’SWAR

: The purpose of this study is to describe the analysis of Indonesian sentiment regarding the Russia vs Ukraine war with pragmatic studies. There are two things discussed, namely the function and meaning of speech acts resulting from Indonesian public opinion regarding the Russia vs Ukraine war on Twitter. This research is a descriptive qualitative research using pragmatic equivalent method and speech act theory. The results of the study found 4 (four) functional classifications of illocutionary speech acts, namely assertive, directive, expressive, and commissive. The speech is divided into assertive illocutionary speech acts which contain meaning: explaining, telling, stating, predicting, concluding, determining, affirming, and denying. Then, directive illocutionary speech acts contain the meaning of asking, inviting, warning, asking and forbidding. Then, expressive illocutionary speech acts contain the meaning of giving thanks, blaming and satirizing. Finally, commissive illocutionary speech acts imply promises and threats. The researcher found that some of the utterances that often appeared meant: giving statements, asking questions and making suggestions.


INTRODUCTION
The Russia-Ukraine conflict has attracted significant attention from the international community since it started in 2014.This dispute stemming from political, historical and cultural differences has given rise to a myriad of sentiments expressed by various stakeholders.In this context, sentiment analysis, a sub-field of natural language processing (NLP), offers a valuable tool for studying and interpreting these expressions.This research article explores the analysis of Indonesian sentiment regarding the Russian-Ukrainian conflict based on Speech Act Theory (SAT).
Speech Act Theory, first introduced by the philosopher J.L. Austin and later developed by John Searle, argued that language is not only a tool for conveying information but also a tool for taking action.The SAT classifies utterances into three main categories: locutionary acts (literal meaning), illocutionary acts (intended meaning or coercion), and perlocutionary acts (effect on the listener).By analyzing the illocutionary power of speech acts, we can gain insight into the intentions, emotions and attitudes of the speaker.
Sentiment analysis involves computational identification and extraction of subjective information from texts, such as opinions, emotions, and attitudes.Combining sentiment analysis with the SAT allows researchers to not only identify the emotions present in texts but also to understand their underlying intentions and motivations.This mix provides a more nuanced understanding of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the different sentiments expressed by the various parties involved.The Russia-Ukraine conflict offers fertile ground for SAT-based sentiment analysis.The main data source is the tweets of the Indonesian people through social media Twitter.By analyzing these speech acts, we can identify prevailing sentiments, such as support or opposition, fear or hope, and optimism or pessimism, along with corresponding illocutionary forces, such as persuasion, warning, or assurance.
Sentiment analysis is the process of identifying and extracting subjective information from text, such as opinions and attitudes (Searle, 1969).Speech act theory is a subfield of pragmatics that studies how words are used not only to present information but also to carry out actions (Nordquist, 2020).Speech act theory can be applied to sentiment analysis by analyzing the types of speech acts being performed in a given text to gain insight into the sentiment of the speaker or writer.For example, if a speaker performs many instances of evaluations expressing a negative attitude towards a topic, we can conclude that the speaker has a negative sentiment towards the topic (WorldWideScience.org, 2022.).By analyzing the types of speech acts being performed, we can gain a deeper understanding of the sentiment being expressed in a given text.
Speech acts and sentiment are closely related in language.Speech acts are actions performed through language, while sentiment refers to the expression of positive or negative attitudes towards something.When people use language to perform speech acts, they are often expressing their sentiments towards the topic at hand.For example, if someone uses language to make a complaint, they are performing a speech act that expresses a negative sentiment towards the thing they are complaining about.
Similarly, if someone uses language to express admiration for something, they are performing a speech act that expresses a positive sentiment towards that thing.By analyzing the types of speech acts being performed in a given text, we can gain insight into the sentiment of the speaker or writer.This is the basis of sentiment analysis, which involves identifying and extracting subjective information from text, such as opinions and attitudes (Taboada, 2016).Therefore, speech act theory can be applied to sentiment analysis to analyze the types of speech acts being performed in a given text to gain insight into the sentiment of the speaker or writer (Nasser, 2022).
There is tons of research related to the Russia vs Ukraine war has also been carried out from various perspectives.Etling (2014), andBobichev et al. (2017) focusing on war news, Ghosh (2022) discusses the role of social media, Ramirez & Vargas (2022), Polyzos (2022), Junaedi (2022), Syahtaria (2022), Soraya (2023), and Sarumaha, (2023) focus on the impact of the war on the Indonesian economy, while others, Zulham (2022) and Purwati et al. (2023) examine Indonesia's role in the G20 presidency during the conflict.In addition, there are also studies regarding the lack of knowledge about Russia and Ukraine in Indonesia, which has created a more pro-Russian sentiment in Indonesian narratives about the war (Contribution, 2023).Then, the study of nationalism has also been used to analyze Russia's war against Ukraine through the lens of Russian ethnic nationalism and Ukrainian civic nationalism (Knott, 2023).Finally, the war has been seen as an opportunity to teach critical thinking in Indonesia, with a focus on propaganda tropes used by Russia Rudolph & Tan (2022).However, all of these studies only discuss sentiment analysis.The phenomenon of the Russia vs Ukraine war which has had a major impact on global economic life and is discussed with sentiment analysis and pragmatic studies, especially speech acts has never been carried out.
A speech act study was conducted for 3 consecutive years by Zhang et al. (2012) and Vosoughi & Roy (2016).These studies use Twitter social media as their research object, and discuss news with various trending topics that are studied pragmatically.This research is the initial benchmark evidence that speech acts are a window for the communicative behavior of tweeps collectively and individually.One of the studies that discusses sentiment analysis with pragmatic studies, especially speech acts, is research conducted by Pluwak (2016).This study Various studies mentioned above, more focus on sentiment analysis only.Only a few studies connect between sentiment analysis and speech pragmatics.In fact, very few studies use data in Indonesian to discuss international issues on social media.The latest research discussing the Russia vs. Ukraine war using Indonesian-language data on social media Twitter is Simarmata & Phanie (2023).The focus of this study is to determine the reliability of the LSTM model with Sastrawi in sentiment analysis in Indonesian and to evaluate the performance of the model with the Twitter dataset collected regarding the Russia vs Ukraine war.
The lack of research that discusses sentiment analysis in Indonesian with pragmatic studies, especially speech acts, is the main reason why researchers intend to fill in the gaps that have not been done by previous researchers.This article try to provides an overview of how Indonesian people respond to the war through social media and is a new phenomenon in the topic of sentiment analysis in Indonesian and pragmatic studies, especially speech acts.It is important to note that the same speech act can convey different sentiments depending on the context and the speaker's intention.For example, an expression of gratitude can convey positive sentiment in one context, but it can also be used sarcastically to convey negative sentiment in another context.Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the context and the speaker's intention to accurately identify the sentiment being conveyed by a speech act.

RESEARCH METHODS
This study aims to analyze Indonesian sentiment in the Russo-Ukrainian war using sentiment analysis and speech act theory.The data and data sources in this study are the opinions of Indonesian people about the Russian-Ukrainian war from the social media platform Twitter as of March 31 to April 8 2022.Next, the writer identifies the types of speech acts displayed in Indonesian.The results of the analysis are visualized using charts and descriptions to provide a clear understanding of the sentiments of the Indonesian people towards the Russian-Ukrainian war using speech act theory.
This study uses qualitative research methods and speech act theory to determine the sentiments of the Indonesian people towards the Russian-Ukrainian war.By analyzing the types of speech acts featured in the Indonesian language discourse data, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the sentiments expressed and provide valuable insights into the attitudes of Indonesian society towards the conflict.The use of relevant hypothesis testing techniques can provide statistical significance to research findings.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section will describe the results of the emotions and opinions of the Indonesian people, especially Twitter users, who are complex about the Russia vs Ukraine war.This research has identified sentiment patterns generated by tweeps in the form of Positive, Negative or Neutral sentiment values.Then, the sentiment results will be analyzed with speech act theory.By examining the Russia vs Ukraine war conflict through the lens of speech act theory, the researcher hopes to gain insight into the role of communication in shaping Indonesian public opinion on social media.
In this article, the Speaker (hereinafter referred to as Pn) is someone who gives his own opinion straightforwardly to the Speaker (hereinafter referred to as Pt), influenced by the political, economic, socio-historical situation as well as Pn's belief in the current conditions of the Russia vs Ukraine war (hereinafter referred to as P).

Speech Act Analysis Result
In this sub-chapter, Indonesian people's opinions about the war between Russia and Ukraine on Twitter will be discussed using speech acts.1500 sample tweets have been used, many sentences are pronounced double or called retweets and not a few that do not have complete sentences in terms of language structure.Even sentences that contain local language, slang, sentences that are not related to the topic, and sentences that come from bot accounts are no less numerous.Therefore, there is a lot of failed data that cannot be analyzed by speech acts.Only about 1400 sentences can be analyzed as speech acts.

Assertive Illocutionary Speech Act
Assertive illocutionary speech act is a speech act that involves and binds the Speaker to the truth of the proposition he utters (Searle, 1969).Therefore, every intention of assertive illocutionary speech acts can be assessed for its truth.In general, assertive illocutionary speech acts are realized in declarative or declarative sentences, because news sentences have the function of stating or telling something (Kridalaksana, 2008).
Based on the results of data analysis on assertive illocutionary speech acts, the researcher found 8 (eight) utterances that convey the meaning of explaining, telling, stating, predicting, concluding, determining, affirming, and denying.

Explain
The assertive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of explaining is a belief in Pn in explaining something to Pt about P. In this utterance with the meaning of explaining, it includes the intention of explaining, describing and describing.Here are some examples of utterances that can clarify the meaning of these utterances: No. Sentence 1 food and energy commodity prices soared in Indonesia, the government said it was the result of the war between Ukraine and Russia 2 just imagine the government's headache after adding up a large debt due to Covid, we continue to face the problem of rising prices, especially fuel, because the war between Ukraine and Russia has cost the state budget more and more because our fuel system uses the state budget to continue to provide for our fuel prices where other countries are already expensive 3 the world under the shadow of war and its implications for the energy sector was started by several international upheavals one of which was the war between ukraine and russia In the examples of speech (1) Pn tries to explain to Pt regarding his belief that the increase in the prices of various commodities is caused by P.This is in line with Pn's statement in speech (2) which explains to Pt that the APBN is also affected because of the BBM system Indonesia uses the State Budget to continue to raise fuel prices, in contrast to where other countries have sold at higher prices.In story (3), Pn explains to Pt that several international upheavals, including P's problem, have caused an unstable world situation.

Tell
Assertive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of telling is a belief in Pn in telling something to Pt about P. In this speech with the meaning of telling, it includes the intention to express.Will be described in speeches (1), ( 2

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hello Indonesian and Ukrainian friends in the city of Bucha there was a very sad war crime disaster.After a while the city was surrounded by the Russian army, the Ukrainian army entered and recorded the various war victims in the city In speech (1), Pn announces the fact that P's problem will end and the market economy will start normally.Speech (2) informs the fact that South Korea released their oil reserves due to the impact of P. Meanwhile, through speech (3), Pn informs Pt about the disaster of war crimes in the city of Bucha.

State
The assertive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of declaring is a belief in Pn in stating something to Pt about P. It can be explained through utterances as below: No. Sentence 1 demonstrations for whatever people who go up are clearly not subsidized fuel, right?The world situation is also not conducive due to the Russian war, Ukraine, Wiranto met with the archipelago to discuss cooking oil and extending the presidential term 2 russia commits war crimes of hundreds of civilian corpses in Bucha Ukraine triggers European countries' anger 3 failed prediction of war russia ukraine french intelligence chief sacked completefast news breaking news international international news From the example of the speech above, Pn expresses his belief about P. For example, in speech (1), Pn tries to state various things to Pt, such as expressing his opinion (What's the point of demonstrating, the people who go up are clearly not subsidized fuel, right?), then states the facts (The world situation is also not conducive as a result of the Russian war -Ukraine, and finally stated the goal (Wiranto met with BEM Nusantara to discuss cooking oil to extend the presidential term.).And then in in line with speech (2) which states Pn's feelings about P which triggered the anger of European countries.Meanwhile, in speech (3), Pn stated the fact that the head of French Intelligence was dismissed due to failure to predict the continuation of Pn's problem.

Predict
An assertive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of predicting is a Pn's belief in predicting something.In utterances with the meaning of predicting, this includes the intention of suppose or estimate.Speeches (1), ( 2 In speech (1) , Pn predicts changes in the world economic climate as a result of P. In story (2) Pn predicts that World War III will begin.Meanwhile, in story (3) Pn also predicts that Russia cannot be expected to make diplomatic concessions regarding P. In this story (3) Pn tries to include his personal opinion, which is motivated by the socio-political conditions currently developing.

Conclude
Assertive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of concluding is a belief in Pn in concluding something.In utterances with the meaning of concluding this, it includes the intention of summarizing .It can be explained through the following utterances : No. Sentence 1 evello concludes that the attention intensity of Indonesian social media users regarding the Russian-Ukrainian war is very high 2 i discussed about this yesterday wkwkw, that's the effect of the Russia-Ukraine war, commodity prices are getting expensive, especially oil, cuz Indo is no longer an oil exporting country and part of Opec, so we follow the world's oil prices, which are currently increasing In speech (1) Pn concludes that Indonesian netizens pay high attention to P. As for speech (2), Pn concludes that the Indonesian people are only following the movement of world oil prices which are currently on the rise.

Determine
An assertive illocutionary speech act with a decisive meaning is a Pn's belief in determining something.In a speech with a decisive meaning, it includes the intention to decide and assign.Explanation of speech with a decisive meaning can be seen in speeches (1) and (2) below: No. Sentence 1 the west must be kicked out of the petrodollar system through military action.putin's war of invasion of ukraine paved the way for a long unhindered path to achieving its goals russia can now more freely determine the price of its oil in its preferred currency 2 the whole world is looking here to determine oil prices, but look at the war between Russia and Ukraine, so it keeps skyrocketing, uraaaa In this story (1), Pn believes that Russia can now more freely determine the price of its oil in the currency of its choice.Accordingly, in speech (2) Pn also states that due to P, a place has been determined as a reference in determining oil prices.Assertive speech with a decisive meaning is included in speech that rarely appears in this study.

Confirm
This assertive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of affirming is a belief in Pn in asserting something.Examples of the use of this utterance can be seen through the following explanations in utterances below :

No. Sentence 1
the most correct thing is that any discussion is explained in everyday language like yesterday's Russian-Ukrainian war, many people understand their content better, oh yes, the content is also not recycled, as long as you share it, there must be a thin explanation 2 moeldoko emphasized that the government is currently focused on thinking about the impact of the unresolved Covid 19 pandemic.In addition, the government is also confused about the effects of the war on Russia and Ukraine.Moeldokobentengnkri Thohir, emphasized that Pertalite would still be subsidized for the small people, Jokowi, pro energy security From speech (1), Pn intends to emphasize to Pt that content created by content creators regarding P is not plagiarized content, but recycled content that has selling points.Furthermore, in speech (2) Pn reaffirmed to Pt regarding the government's focus on dealing with state problems, especially the pandemic and P issues.Then, in speech (3) Pn emphasized to Pt that fuel prices increased due to following world market prices affected by the P problem.

Deny
This assertive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of denying is a belief in Pn in denying something.The use of this utterance can be seen through the explanation of speeches ( 1) and (2) below: No. Sentence 1 accord g too yee I also don't care about the Russia-Ukraine war, I'm used to seeing the war in the Middle East, it never stops bombs are scattered among America, Western countries are also normal, right? 2 even though many Indonesian netizens support Russia, that doesn't mean that the people want Indonesia to enter the eastern bloc of the Ukrainian war & the political situation in Indonesia is a different matter in the eyes of the Indonesian people In speech (1), Pn does not deny that the problem of war has become commonplace for some people.Whereas in speech (2), Pn intends to refute the statement which states that the Indonesian people who support Russia are expected to join the eastern bloc.According to Pn's thinking, even though they support it, it doesn't mean they want the community too.

Directive Illocutionary Speech Act
A directive illocutionary act is a speech act that is used by Pn to make Pt do something.Therefore, directive illocutionary speech is an action of Pt in the future (Searle, 1969).In other words, in each directive illocutionary utterance, the addressee will perform the action mentioned in the utterance.Based on the results of data analysis on directive illocutionary speech acts, we have found 5 (five) utterances that have the meaning of requesting, inviting, warning, begging, and asking.

Request
This directive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of asking or request something is an action that Pt will take in the future.Explanation of speeches as will be discussed below: No. Sentence 1 the increase in fuel prices which had a significant impact on all commodities, especially food commodities, was highlighted by a member of the VII RI commission.He also asked Pertamina for guarantees that the war between Russia and Ukraine would end, the fuel price would automatically fall 2 ukraine investigates 4684 cases of suspected war crimes committed by Russia Ukraine Russia International 3 the logic is yes, if Pertamina buys oil from Russia to finance the Russian-Ukrainian war, the government will give specific BLT to buy cooking oil whose prices are not yet controlled to finance the mafia In story (2), Pn asks Pt, in this case Russia, to be responsible for alleged war crimes.In line with that, Pn also asked Pt, in this case the government, to provide specific BLT to buy cooking oil whose price is still fluctuating (3).Comparable to the story (1) which asked for a guarantee from Pt namely Pertamina that if the P problem is resolved, then the fuel price will automatically fall.

Invite
This directive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of inviting is an action that Pt will take in the future.In this utterance with the meaning of inviting, it includes the intention of appealing and persuade.Through Speeches (1), ( 2), (3) will be briefly described below: No. Sentence 1 dm jeng let's talk about the war between Russia and Ukraine 2 respond to the conflict Russia Ukraine Indonesia calls for an end to the war at the UN special emergency meeting 3 this nationality went awry, bro, America, Europe, was insulted, but instead defended the Russian war.All Chinese used foreign goods, as well as being insulted, but using Chinese goods, on the other hand, praise and praise China's support for the war between Russia, Ukraine In stories (1) Pn invites or invites Pt to talk or chat, especially about P's conspiracy.Then, in stories ( 2) and ( 3) Pn invites and calls on Pt to stop the war and reflect on the condition of the nation.

Warn
This directive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of warning is a signal warning Pn to Pt that something is not of good value to Pt .This utterance has a meaning related to directive speech with the meaning of advising.The explanation can be seen through speech below: No. Sentence suryaputra Wijaksana warned about the political and economic impact of the war on Russia, Ukraine, the birth of two global economic ecosystems In this speech (1), a statement from Pn warning about the political and economic impact of Pn on the birth of two global economic ecosystems.

Begg
This directive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of begging is an action that will be carried out by Pt in the future.The explanation can be seen through speech (1) as follows: No. Sentence 1 i hope Mr. Jokowi has to order the TNI to conduct a simulation to face the outbreak of World War 3 in Europe, Russia is being pressured in Asia, China is also being pressured.One wrong step in Indonesia could be like Ukraine as a battlefield In speech (1), Pn requests Pt, in this case the President of the Republic of Indonesia Jokowi, to order the TNI to be alert in facing the struggles of sociopolitical movements which are developing very rapidly.

Ask
This directive speech act with the meaning of asking is an action that Pn wants something from Pt, namely an answer.Will be explained through speeches below: In speech (2) Pn asks information about the connection between Indonesian colonialism and Timor-Timor and its connection with the P problem.Whereas in speeches ( 1) and (3) Pn asks Pt's opinion regarding whether what the president was doing was correct regarding the assistance program at a critical time and the donation program that had been carried out before.

Expressive Illocutionary Speech Acts
Expressive illocutionary speech act is a speech act that expresses Pn's psychological attitude towards a situation.(Searle, 1969) states that Pn's expressive speech is not adjusting his speech to the world or vice versa, but is expressed with presuppositions.This study found that the expressive illocutionary expression Pn with the meaning of giving thanks, praising, blaming and satirizing is the most common illocutionary found in tweets on Twitter social media with the topic of the war between Russia and Ukraine.

Give thanks
This expressive illocutionary speech act with a grateful meaning is a condition based on Pn's psychological attitude in expressing his gratitude to the creator for everything he receives.It can be seen from the following examples of speeches : No. Sentence 1 indo people go up a little bit, it's already exorbitant, try to play a little to neighboring countries, fuel costs are much higher, all go up because of the war, Russia, Ukraine, be thankful that it's relatively cheaper here 2 mbaksri positive thinking, what is meant by lbp, we must be grateful that there are Indonesians who are trusted to lead 20 rich and influential countries in the world, remain calm & impartial in leading the G20 despite pressure from the West regarding the war between Russia and Ukraine 3 poor Arab countries whose staple food is bread, they were affected by the Russian-Ukrainian war because the grain supply has stopped, now they are experiencing a food crisis, thank God we eat rice, so we don't have to worry about rice not being available In speeches (1), (2), and (3) Pn is grateful because fuel prices are relatively cheaper.Then grateful because there are Indonesians who are trusted to lead 20 rich and influential countries in the world and can eat rice.

Praise
This expressive speech act with the meaning of praising is a condition based on Pn's psychological attitude in admiring Pt's actions.Speech (1) below will be an example of the explanation: No. Sentence 1 salutes the coordinating minister for the economy, the government provides additional social protection assistance as an effort to overcome the increase in food and energy commodity prices due to the war between Ukraine and Russia In speech (1) Pn expresses his praise for the actions taken by Pt, in an effort to provide social protection due to the increase in various commodity prices caused by P.

Blame
The expressive illocutionary speech act with the meaning of blaming is based on Pn's psychological attitude in expressing his annoyance at something that should not have happened.In this utterance with the meaning of blaming, it includes the intention of regretting it.The following utterances will help understand this utterance of the meaning of blaming: In speech (1) Pn seems to be satirizing the UN by expressing Zelensky's desire that Putin be put on trial.

Commissive Illocutionary Speech Act
A commissive illocutionary speech act is a speech act that binds Pn to an action he will perform in the future (Searle, 1969).Therefore, the propositional content of commissive speech is a statement of the speaker's future actions.This is what Searle means that in commissive utterances the speaker tries to adapt the world to the words.In commissive illocutionary speech it is realized with declarative sentences.In this study, commissive utterances were found which have the meaning of promising and threatening.

Promise
A commissive illocutionary speech act with a meaning of promise is based on an action performed by Pn in the future.In speech (2) Pn makes a statement in the form of a promise to give sanctions to a group of elements.Whereas in speech (1) Pn promised to conduct an investigation.

Threaten
A commissive illocutionary speech act with a threatening meaning based on an action taken by Pn in the future.The explanation can be seen in speeches below: No. Sentence 1 threatened with stagflation as a result of the war Russia, Ukraine, urged people to live frugally 2 russia demands that Wikipedia delete all information relating to the Ukrainian war, otherwise Russia will impose a fine of Rp. 690 million on Wikipedia Coiltech 3 u.s.ukraine war bans russian oil imports while indonesia wants to buy how can it happen that vladimir putin will stop gas supplies to unfriendly countries if they don't pay gas imports in rubles In the three speeches (1), ( 2) and (3) Pn makes threats.As in the speech (3), Pn in this case Putin threatened to stop gas supplies to hostile countries if they did not pay for gas imports in rubles.
From the various explanations above, it can be seen that the pragmatic study method with speech act theory is one approach that can be used to understand how Indonesian people express and communicate about P, and how these people understand the intent and purpose of this communication.Speech act theory can be used to analyze the sentiment of a statement by considering the type of speech act, the polarity of the statement, context, and emotional valence.Sentiment analysis and intent analysis can also be used to automatically analyze the sentiment of a given statement.
The With this method, researchers can identify communicative actions taken by Indonesian people when talking or writing about the Russia vs Ukraine War on social media, as well as how these actions affect social interactions that occur in Indonesia.By examining the use of speech acts in social media, it helps researchers to understand their behavior as a community, which is determined by their common interest in a particular topic, as well as their behavior as individuals who are vulnerable to others in the same community.

CONCLUSION
After conducting a pragmatic study of data sources that reviewed the Russia vs Ukraine war, researchers can conclude that Indonesian sentiments related to the war found 4 classifications of speech act functions namely assertive, directive, expressive, and commissive, which allows the tweeps to follow the topic with the most desirable speech act (e.g., statement of fact or providing information).The researcher also found that some utterances that often appear in general include giving statements, asking questions and making suggestions.The utterances are divided into, assertive speech acts which contain the meaning of: explaining, telling, stating, predicting, concluding, determining, affirming, and denying.Then, directive speech acts contain the meaning of asking, inviting, warning, asking and forbidding.Then expressive speech acts contain the meaning of giving thanks, blaming and satirizing.Finally, commissive speech acts contain the meaning of promises and threats.This research has highlighted the value of using Speech Act Theory in sentiment analysis, by offering a more nuanced understanding of the complex emotions surrounding the Russia vs Ukraine war.These findings can inform policy makers, non-governmental organizations and the media about public perceptions of the conflict and help guide their actions and strategies.By examining the Russia vs Ukraine war conflict through the lens of speech act theory, the researcher hopes to get an overview of the role of communication in shaping Indonesian public opinion on social media.However, there are several challenges and limitations when analyzing Indonesian public sentiment using Speech Act Theory in the context of the Russia vs Ukraine War.In addition to requiring qualified knowledge about how to process the right data with NLP media, scraping, including the complexity of the language.As we all know, the Indonesian language has many variations and dialects, then the use of slang language, cultural differences, subjectivity and bias in data sources, also difficulties in capturing the full spectrum of human emotions, are things that complicate the sentiment analysis process.
For future research, the impact of sentiment analysis in shaping public opinion can be further explored, as well as investigating the role of social media and other digital platforms in strengthening certain sentiments.In addition, comparative analysis of sentiment analysis in other conflicts and international geopolitical situations can certainly offer valuable insights into war dynamics and wider public perception.
lowered Indonesia's economic growth projection to 5.1 percent in April 2022 amid the Russia-Ukraine war.Previously, the world bank predicted 5.2 percent in October 2021 Jokowi2in the midst of ongoing peace negotiations ukraine prepares for a new russian offensive in the east world war iii will begin 3 emmanuel Macron Ukraine war will not end soon Russia cannot be expected to make diplomatic concessions failed

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Pragmatic Review of Indonesian Netizen's Twitter Opinionsabout the Russia VS Ukraine'swar Page 892 Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health Volume 2, No. 9 September 2023

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even though the first weight increased because it followed world market prices which were affected by the war in Ukraine and Russia, Minister of BUMN, Erick Page 893Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health Volume 2, No. 9 September 2023 the previous BLT, not because of a precarious situation and the BLT program had to be carried out, while at present the reason is strong A Pragmatic Review of Indonesian Netizen's Twitter Opinionsabout the Russia VS Ukraine'swar Page 896 Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health Volume 2, No. 9 September 2023 because of the global crisis due to Covid 19 and the war between Russia and Ukraine, what the President did was correct 2 accord then it's wrong I said Indonesia colonized Timor where and the relationship with the war with Russia Ukraine what is the boss you are concerned with 3 russia is really bad, right?There was no announcement of the invasion beforehand, citizens in Ukraine almost became victims of war

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Pragmatic Review of Indonesian Netizen's Twitter Opinionsabout the Russia VS Ukraine'swar Page 886Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health Volume 2, No. 9 September 2023 Pak Jokowi, you don't need to blame the wars on Russia and Ukraine, for sure this country is mismanaged and the impact on the people's economy is A Pragmatic Review of Indonesian Netizen's Twitter Opinionsabout the Russia VS Ukraine'swar british Prime Minister Boris Johnson accused Russian President Vladimir Putin and Russian troops of being guilty of war crimes in Ukraine.Johnson was angry and promised to give tougher sanctions to Russia to starve Russian President Vladimir Putin same speech act can have different interpretations in different contexts.The meaning of a speech act is A Pragmatic Review of Indonesian Netizen's Twitter Opinionsabout the Russia VS Ukraine'swar