The Role of Civil Service Police Unit in Controlling Illegal Buildings in Cirebon City

The regulation of illegal buildings is a common problem in various cities in Indonesia, including Cirebon City. These buildings are often constructed without official permission from local governments, leading to issues such as insecurity, environmental damage, and discomfort for the surrounding community. This study aims to evaluate the role of the Civil Service Police Unit in regulating these buildings and identify the factors influencing the success of their efforts. The research employs a normative juridical method, examining the norms and rules related to the issue, combined with a sociological approach through direct observation and interviews. The findings indicate that while the Civil Service Police Unit has made efforts to regulate illegal buildings in Cirebon City, their efforts have not been optimal. Challenges include a lack of personnel, inadequate infrastructure, limited budget, and low public awareness of local regulations. However, supporting factors such as the quality of human resources and effective internal and external coordination and communication exist. It is recommended that the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit enhance public awareness through socialization of local regulations, increase the budget, improve facilities and infrastructure, and enforce strict sanctions against violators.


INTRODUCTION
The regulation of illegal buildings is one of the problems that often occurs in various cities in Indonesia, including in Cirebon City (Martinez & Masron, 2020).Illegal buildings are often built without official permission from local governments, which can cause various problems such as insecurity, environmental damage, and comfort for the surrounding community (Wheeler, 2013).
Volume 3, No. 6 June 2024 The control of illegal buildings is the responsibility of various government agencies, one of which is the task of the Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) (Pertiwi, Djohan, & Rizari, 2024).
In the context of Cirebon City, building regulation is becoming increasingly important considering the rapid growth of development (Rahayu, 2016).With the regulation of illegal buildings, it is hoped that it can create a more orderly, safe, and comfortable environment for the entire community of Cirebon City.However, in its implementation, the Civil Service Police Unit often faces various challenges, such as the lack of human resources and adequate infrastructure, as well as the lack of coordination between related agencies (Odonkor, Mitsotsou-Makanga, & Dei, 2020).
Wild buildings are buildings that do not have an official building permit from the local government (Miller, 2017).Wild buildings are also not only owned by poor or underprivileged people, but sometimes even capable people build wild buildings (Sherraden, 2017).Wild buildings can be found around city parks, railroad tracks, pedestrian sidewalks, and green lanes to the river border.The reasons for the community in erecting illegal buildings include not knowing about the rules for building buildings, and also to meet the needs of life, for example for business (Neuwirth, 2016).
The Civil Service Police Unit or can be called Satpol PP is a regional apparatus formed to assist the Mayor in enforcing Regional Regulations and Regional Head Regulations, organizing public order and peace and organizing community protection in accordance with paragraph (1) of article 255 of Constitution Number 23 of 2014 as well as in accordance with article 4 of Cirebon Mayor Regulation Number 20 of 2021.In paragraph (2)b of Constitution Number 23 of 2014, it is stated that the Civil Service Police Unit has the authority to take action against community members, apparatus, or legal entities that disturb public order and public peace, therefore the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit has the task of bringing order to illegal buildings in Cirebon City to enforce Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2019.Seeing the number of wild buildings in Cirebon City, it is needed for the control and guidance of the community who build these wild buildings in accordance with the growth and development in Cirebon City, especially adjusted to the spatial regulations that have been set (Bajari & Kuswarno, 2020).In this study, the author will discuss the role of the Civil Service Police Unit in regulating illegal buildings in Cirebon City.
This study aims to determine the extent of the role of the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit in regulating buildings, as well as to determine the factors that influence the success of the regulation.Thus, this study is expected to provide a clear picture of the efforts of the Civil Service Police Unit in curbing illegal buildings in Cirebon City (Akmadi, Gunarto, & Suwondo, 2022).This research employs normative juridical methods, which involve examining the norms and rules related to the issue at hand.This approach includes analyzing legal documents, regulations, and policies to understand the legal framework governing the regulation of illegal buildings.Additionally, a sociological approach is utilized, focusing on studying social structures and processes, particularly in the context of social changes.This involves direct observation and interviews with key stakeholders, such as local government officials, community members, and representatives of the Civil Service Police Unit.Through this combined approach, the study aims to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of regulatory measures and the factors influencing their implementation.

The Role of Civil Service Police Unit in Controlling Illegal Buildings in Cirebon City
The problem of illegal building in a city is a serious problem of order for the Local Government (Hardoy & Satterthwaite, 2022).This is because of its irregular location that makes the city shabby and does not have a Building Permit (IMB).
The Civil Service Police Unit or can be called Satpol PP is a regional apparatus formed to enforce Regional Regulations and Regional Head Regulations, maintain public order and peace and organize community protection so that the implementation to bring order to illegal buildings becomes one of the duties and responsibilities that must be carried out by the Civil Service Police Unit.
According to Mr. Rahmat Hidayat, the Operation and Control of the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit since 2005-2024 has regulated illegal buildings as many as 60 locations where there are illegal buildings.Usually, the Civil Service Police Unit conducts control based on orders from leaders and public complaints (Berman, Bowman, West, & Van Wart, 2021).
We can see in Cirebon City itself there are still many wild buildings, one example is on Jalan Kalibaru Sukalila.In this case, the illegal building in Sukalila has been put in order but has arisen again.In carrying out the control of the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit waiting for a program from the Cirebon City Government related to the control of illegal buildings first, there is usually a priority scale equating with the vision and mission of the Regional Government.
In Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2019 Article 16 it is also explained that any person or entity is prohibited from trading, trying to part of roads / sidewalks, bus stops, pedestrian bridges and places for other public interests without the permission of the Mayor or appointed officials.In carrying out control duties, it also needs to be balanced with the rights and obligations of the Civil Service Police Unit so that it runs in accordance with applicable regulations (Rosenbloom, Kravchuk, & Clerkin, 2022).Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health Volume 3, No. 6 June 2024 In carrying out the task of controlling illegal buildings, the Civil Service Police Unit collaborates with several related agencies, namely the Cirebon City Police, TNI, Kodim, Garrison and other agencies.
The Civil Service Police Unit also often gives warnings or reprimands to people who have illegal buildings, and also reprimands the supervisory agencies to supervise illegal buildings in Cirebon City (Ingleson, 2014).The Civil Service Police Unit also coordinates with related agencies regarding illegal buildings such as PUPR, Trade Office, and PSDA.
The Civil Service Police Unit also warns illegal building owners in the form of verbal and written reprimands (Kutnjak Ivković & Sauerman, 2015).The warning is divided into 3 parts and has different durations, the first warning with a period of 3 days, the second warning with a period of 2 days then the third warning with a period of 3 days in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) contained in Permendagri Number 16 of 2023.

Inhibiting and Supporting Factors for the Role of Civil Service Police Unit in Regulating Illegal Buildings in Cirebon City
Every time you carry out control, especially the control of illegal buildings by the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit, of course, it does not always run smoothly, there will be inhibiting factors but there are also supporting factors that support control activities which will be described as follows 1. Inhibiting factors In carrying out the regulation, there will be obstacles that must be faced.Here are some obstacles obtained by the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit a. Internal Factors a) Lack of personnel when carrying out operational activities b) Budget constraints c) Limited facilities and infrastructure b.External factors a) Often clashes with the community when carrying out regulations due to lack of public understanding of the applicable rules b) There was resistance from the community when the regulation was carried out because the owners of illegal buildings did not accept the control carried out by the police force 2. Supporting factors In addition to inhibiting factors, there are also supporting factors in implementing control, namely a. Good Quality Human Resources (HR) b.The occurrence of good coordination and communication in the internal and external environment in the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit

Efforts of the Civil Service Police Unit in curbing illegal buildings
Before carrying out the control, usually providing information will be carried out, usually the community voluntarily dismantles the building, if it is not demolished it will be given SP.Usually conduct socialization or through an approach about enforcing local regulations through sub-districts, then sub-districts that will follow up to record how many illegal buildings are in the area (Martini, Azmeri, & Sugiyanto, 2020).When going to carry out large-scale control, it must be carefully thought out regarding the impact that will occur.Conduct an investigation to see the surrounding conditions if it will approach the day of control in cooperation with the Police and TNI (Morris & Paoli, 2018).

CONCLUSION
Based on the discussion, the researcher concludes that the role of the Civil Service Police Unit (Satuan Pol Pamong Praja) in Cirebon City in carrying out its duties to regulate illegal buildings has been implemented but not yet maximized.In carrying out the task of regulating illegal buildings, the Civil Service Police Unit usually waits for orders from the Mayor first.The regulation is also carried out in accordance with the applicable Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) while upholding Human Rights (HAM).The Civil Service Police Unit also faces obstacles, such as a lack of personnel, limited budget, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and frequent conflicts with the community due to a lack of public understanding of the regulations for building construction as stated in Cirebon City Regional Regulation No. 13 of 2019 concerning Public Order, and Community Protection, Article 16, Paragraph (1).Based on these conclusions, the researcher offers the following suggestions: the Civil Service Police Unit of Cirebon City should conduct public outreach regarding Cirebon City Regional Regulation No. 13 of 2019 on Public Order and Community Protection, particularly about the prohibition against constructing buildings on state or regional property and impose strict sanctions on violators to create a deterrent effect, preventing any further illegal constructions.Additionally, the Government of Cirebon City, especially the Mayor, should pay more attention to the availability of facilities and infrastructure as well as the budget to support the tasks of the Civil Service Police Unit to ensure that their operations align with government expectations in addressing violations of the regulations regarding building permits on state or regional land.Akmadi, A., Gunarto, G., & Suwondo, D. (2022).The Law Enforcement on Criminal Acts of Narcotics Abuse by Child.Law Development Journal, 4(2), 205-213.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Role of Civil Service Police Unit in Controlling Illegal Buildings in Cirebon City Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health Volume 3, No. 6 June 2024