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The Role of Civil Service
Police Unit in Controlling Illegal Buildings in Cirebon City
Septhia Wulandari1*, Sigit Wijaya2, Muhamad Joseph Ramdan3,
Mohamad Sigit Gunawan4, Deni Yusup Permana5
1,2,3,4,5Swadaya Gunung Jati
University, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia
Email: septhiawulandari346@gmail.com1*, sigitwijaya524@gmail.com2,
josephramdan9876@gmail.com3, sigitgunawan1207@gmail.com4, deni.yusup@ugj.ac.id5
ABSTRACT
The regulation of
illegal buildings is a common problem in various cities in Indonesia, including
Cirebon City. These buildings are often constructed without official permission
from local governments, leading to issues such as insecurity, environmental
damage, and discomfort for the surrounding community. This study aims to
evaluate the role of the Civil Service Police Unit in regulating these
buildings and identify the factors influencing the success of their efforts.
The research employs a normative juridical method, examining the norms and
rules related to the issue, combined with a sociological approach through
direct observation and interviews. The findings indicate that while the Civil
Service Police Unit has made efforts to regulate illegal buildings in Cirebon
City, their efforts have not been optimal. Challenges include a lack of
personnel, inadequate infrastructure, limited budget, and low public awareness
of local regulations. However, supporting factors such as the quality of human
resources and effective internal and external coordination and communication
exist. It is recommended that the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit
enhance public awareness through socialization of local regulations, increase
the budget, improve facilities and infrastructure, and enforce strict sanctions
against violators.
Keywords: Civil Service Police, Publishing, Cirebon City.
INTRODUCTION
The regulation of illegal
buildings is one of the problems that often occurs in various cities in
Indonesia, including in Cirebon City (Martinez & Masron, 2020).
Illegal buildings are often built without official permission from local
governments, which can cause various problems such as insecurity, environmental
damage, and comfort for the surrounding community (Wheeler, 2013).
The control of illegal buildings is the responsibility of various government
agencies, one of which is the task of the Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) (Pertiwi, Djohan, & Rizari, 2024).
In the context of Cirebon
City, building regulation is becoming increasingly important considering the
rapid growth of development (Rahayu, 2016).
With the regulation of illegal buildings, it is hoped that it can create a more
orderly, safe, and comfortable environment for the entire community of Cirebon
City. However, in its implementation, the Civil Service Police Unit often faces
various challenges, such as the lack of human resources and adequate
infrastructure, as well as the lack of coordination between related agencies (Odonkor, Mitsotsou-Makanga, & Dei, 2020).
Wild buildings are buildings that do not have an official building
permit from the local government (Miller, 2017). Wild buildings are also not only owned by
poor or underprivileged people, but sometimes even capable people build wild
buildings (Sherraden,
2017). Wild buildings can be
found around city parks, railroad tracks, pedestrian sidewalks, and green lanes
to the river border. The reasons for the community in erecting illegal
buildings include not knowing about the rules for building buildings, and also
to meet the needs of life, for example for business (Neuwirth, 2016).
The Civil Service Police
Unit or can be called Satpol PP is a regional
apparatus formed to assist the Mayor in enforcing Regional Regulations and
Regional Head Regulations, organizing public order and peace and organizing community protection in accordance with paragraph (1) of
article 255 of Constitution Number 23 of 2014 as well as in accordance
with article 4 of Cirebon Mayor Regulation Number 20 of 2021. In paragraph (2)b of Constitution Number 23 of 2014, it is
stated that the Civil Service Police Unit has the authority to take action
against community members, apparatus, or legal entities that disturb public
order and public peace, therefore the
Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit has the task of bringing order to
illegal buildings in Cirebon City to enforce Regional Regulation Number 13 of
2019. Seeing the number of wild buildings in Cirebon City, it is needed for the
control and guidance of the community who build these wild buildings in
accordance with the growth and development in Cirebon City, especially adjusted
to the spatial regulations that have been set (Bajari & Kuswarno, 2020).
In this study, the author will discuss the role of the Civil Service Police
Unit in regulating illegal buildings in Cirebon City.
This study aims to determine
the extent of the role of the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit in
regulating buildings, as well as to determine the factors that influence the
success of the regulation. Thus, this study is expected to provide a clear picture
of the efforts of the Civil Service Police Unit in curbing illegal buildings in
Cirebon City (Akmadi, Gunarto, & Suwondo, 2022).
RESEARCH METHODS
This research employs
normative juridical methods, which involve examining the norms and rules
related to the issue at hand. This approach includes analyzing legal documents,
regulations, and policies to understand the legal framework governing the
regulation of illegal buildings. Additionally, a sociological approach is
utilized, focusing on studying social structures and processes, particularly in
the context of social changes. This involves direct observation and interviews
with key stakeholders, such as local government officials, community members,
and representatives of the Civil Service Police Unit. Through this combined
approach, the study aims to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of
regulatory measures and the factors influencing their implementation.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The
Role of Civil Service Police Unit in Controlling Illegal Buildings in Cirebon
City
The
problem of illegal building in a city is a serious problem of order for the
Local Government (Hardoy & Satterthwaite, 2022). This
is because of its irregular location that makes the city shabby and does not
have a Building Permit (IMB).
The
Civil Service Police Unit or can be called Satpol PP
is a regional apparatus formed to enforce Regional Regulations and Regional
Head Regulations, maintain public order and peace and organize community
protection so that the implementation to bring order to illegal buildings
becomes one of the duties and responsibilities that must be carried out by the
Civil Service Police Unit.
According to Mr. Rahmat Hidayat, the
Operation and Control of the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit since
2005-2024 has regulated illegal buildings as many as 60 locations where there
are illegal buildings. Usually, the Civil Service Police Unit conducts control
based on orders from leaders and public complaints (Berman, Bowman, West, & Van
Wart, 2021).
We can see in Cirebon City itself there are still many wild
buildings, one example is on Jalan Kalibaru Sukalila. In this case, the illegal building in Sukalila has been put in order but has arisen again. In
carrying out the control of the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit waiting
for a program from the Cirebon City Government related to the control of
illegal buildings first, there is usually a priority scale equating with the
vision and mission of the Regional Government.
In
Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2019 Article 16 it is also explained that any
person or entity is prohibited from trading, trying to part of roads /
sidewalks, bus stops, pedestrian bridges and places for other public interests
without the permission of the Mayor or appointed officials. In carrying out
control duties, it also needs to be balanced with the rights and obligations of
the Civil Service Police Unit so that it runs in accordance with applicable
regulations (Rosenbloom, Kravchuk, & Clerkin, 2022).
In
carrying out the task of controlling illegal buildings, the Civil Service
Police Unit collaborates with several related agencies, namely the Cirebon City
Police, TNI, Kodim, Garrison and other agencies.
The
Civil Service Police Unit also often gives warnings or reprimands to people who
have illegal buildings, and also reprimands the supervisory agencies to
supervise illegal buildings in Cirebon City (Ingleson, 2014). The
Civil Service Police Unit also coordinates with related agencies regarding
illegal buildings such as PUPR, Trade Office, and PSDA.
The
Civil Service Police Unit also warns illegal building owners in the form of
verbal and written reprimands (Kutnjak Ivković & Sauerman, 2015). The
warning is divided into 3 parts and has different durations, the first warning
with a period of 3 days, the second warning with a period of 2 days then the
third warning with a period of 3 days in accordance with the Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP) contained in Permendagri Number 16
of 2023.
Inhibiting
and Supporting Factors for the Role of Civil Service Police Unit in Regulating
Illegal Buildings in Cirebon City
Every
time you carry out control, especially the control of illegal buildings by the
Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit, of course, it does not always run
smoothly, there will be inhibiting factors but there are also supporting
factors that support control activities which will be described as follows
1. Inhibiting
factors
In
carrying out the regulation, there will be obstacles that must be faced. Here
are some obstacles obtained by the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit
a. Internal
Factors
a) Lack
of personnel when carrying out operational activities
b) Budget
constraints
c) Limited
facilities and infrastructure
b. External
factors
a) Often
clashes with the community when carrying out regulations due to lack of public
understanding of the applicable rules
b) There was resistance from the community when the regulation was
carried out because the owners of illegal buildings did not accept the control
carried out by the police force
2. Supporting
factors
In addition to inhibiting factors, there are also supporting
factors in implementing control, namely
a. Good
Quality Human Resources (HR)
b. The
occurrence of good coordination and communication in the internal and external
environment in the Cirebon City Civil Service Police Unit
Efforts of the Civil Service Police Unit in curbing illegal buildings
Before carrying out the control, usually providing information
will be carried out, usually the community voluntarily dismantles the building,
if it is not demolished it will be given SP. Usually conduct socialization or
through an approach about enforcing local regulations through sub-districts,
then sub-districts that will follow up to record how many illegal buildings are
in the area (Martini, Azmeri, & Sugiyanto,
2020). When going to carry out large-scale control, it must be
carefully thought out regarding the impact that will occur. Conduct an
investigation to see the surrounding conditions if it will approach the day of
control in cooperation with the Police and TNI (Morris & Paoli, 2018).
CONCLUSION
Based on the discussion, the
researcher concludes that the role of the Civil Service Police Unit (Satuan Pol Pamong Praja) in Cirebon City in carrying out its duties to
regulate illegal buildings has been implemented but not yet maximized. In
carrying out the task of regulating illegal buildings, the Civil Service Police
Unit usually waits for orders from the Mayor first. The regulation is also
carried out in accordance with the applicable Standard Operating Procedures
(SOP) while upholding Human Rights (HAM). The Civil Service Police Unit also
faces obstacles, such as a lack of personnel, limited budget, inadequate
facilities and infrastructure, and frequent conflicts with the community due to
a lack of public understanding of the regulations for building construction as
stated in Cirebon City Regional Regulation No. 13 of 2019 concerning Public
Order, and Community Protection, Article
16, Paragraph (1). Based on these conclusions, the researcher offers the
following suggestions: the Civil Service Police Unit of Cirebon City should
conduct public outreach regarding Cirebon City Regional Regulation No. 13 of
2019 on Public Order and Community Protection, particularly about the
prohibition against constructing buildings on state or regional property and
impose strict sanctions on violators to create a deterrent effect, preventing any further illegal constructions.
Additionally, the Government of Cirebon City, especially the Mayor, should pay
more attention to the availability of facilities and infrastructure as well as
the budget to support the tasks of the Civil Service Police Unit to ensure that
their operations align with government expectations in addressing violations of
the regulations regarding building permits on state or regional land.
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Septhia Wulandari, Sigit Wijaya, Muhamad Joseph Ramdan,
Mohamad Sigit Gunawan, Deni Yusup
Permana (2024) |
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First publication right: Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health (AJESH) |
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