Volume 3, No. 5 May 2024 (1129-1137)
p-ISSN 2980-4868 | e-ISSN
2980-4841
https://ajesh.ph/index.php/gp
Estimation of Opportunities for Trafficking in Persons:
Analysis of Podes 2021 Data for Sanggau and Pontianak Regions in the Framework
of Strengthening National Resilience
Hardika Mayline Tampubolon1*, Chotib2, Eko Daryanto3
1,2,3SKSG Universitas Indonesia,
Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Email: Hardikamaylinetp@gmail.com1*, Chotib@hotmail.com2, Eko.daryanto151@gmail.com3
ABSTRACT
The relocation
of the capital of the Republic of Indonesia (IKN) to East Kalimantan was chosen
by the government due to its proximity to Balikpapan and Samarinda, water
resources, and extensive plains with minimal risk of natural disasters, along
with available government land for development. However, this plan has sparked
various debates regarding its impact on urbanization, spatial planning,
infrastructure provision, as well as the potential marginalization of local
communities and social conflicts. From the perspective of national resilience,
this study aims to identify human trafficking opportunities in Sanggau Regency
and Pontianak City using a quantitative approach. The findings reveal that the
presence of foreign nationals (WNAs) and the dominance of the tertiary
employment sector significantly influence the level of human trafficking. These
results underscore the necessity for a comprehensive national resilience
strategy to prevent human trafficking and support the establishment of a new
capital city in East Kalimantan.
Keywords:
Opportunities, Human trafficking, Podes 2021,
Pontianak.
INTRODUCTION
The East Kalimantan regional election is seen by the
government as an ideal region adjacent to other provincial capitals such as
Balikpapan and Samarinda
Although currently still in the planning stage
of the transfer, there have been
many differences of opinion from
various circles, both general and
intellectual. Professor
of Faculty of Geography UGM, Prof. Dr. Rini
Rachmawati, S.Si., M.T., said several
things need to be considered
regarding the impact of urbanization
from IKN development
The risk of IKN development will affect Indonesia's
national resilience. National Resilience is a balance between
national strength and perceived vulnerability
after adversity or traumatic events.
According to Joseph
Jonathan
The perspective on the transfer
of IKN is different. First,
border areas are strategic areas that become the face of a country, in this
case, the
Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), because these areas become
entrances for foreigners or other interested outsiders to enter the territory
of the Republic of Indonesia
The country's
border area certainly has its
own national borders equipped with cross-border posts as official international crossing guard posts between
the two countries
Andayani L and
Lidia N Ayal
According to Law No. 7 of 2021 concerning the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons article 1 point (1) that Trafficking in Persons is the act
of recruiting, transporting, sheltering,
sending, transferring, or receiving a person by threat of violence,
use of force,
kidnapping, captivity, forgery, fraud, abuse of power
or vulnerable position, debt bondage or giving
payment or benefits, so as to obtain the
consent of the person in control of such other
persons, whether committed within countries or between
countries, for the purpose of
exploitation or resulting in exploitation of persons
This study aimed to
identify the chances of trafficking in persons in Sanggau Regency and Pontianak
City. This area is the centre
of attention of researchers because both have data on the fact that trafficking
crimes still occur in the region. Then, to find out what factors cause the
trafficking crime.
RESEARCH METHODS
The data source in this study uses
Village Potential data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency Podes data in
2021. This village potential data is the last data collected by BPS taken
within 3 years of one data collection. This study used data from 204 villages
consisting of 175 villages in Sanggau Regency and 29 villages in Pontianak
city. This data is the latest data that has been collected by BPS as a state
survey and statistics institution authorized to calculate data in national
life. According to the Central Statistics Agency
The unit of analysis in this study is the village, with the
respondent being the village apparatus (village head or village secretary) as
the holder of the government mandate in terms of knowing, managing and
extending the government at the village level. Of course, this role is believed
to be able to provide data on the potential of the village in question
correctly and on target through filling out questionnaires from BPS. Village
Potential (Podes) is the only complete village-level data collection conducted
by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). This fact brings pride as well as
challenges. This pride, among others, is because the results of Podes will
always be awaited and become a reference for many parties. The challenge is that
more and more parties are also highlighting and demanding the validity and
accuracy of Podes data.
Table 1. Number of villages in the study area
|
District/City |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
Pontianak
City |
29 |
14.2 |
|
Sanggau |
175 |
85.8 |
|
Total |
204 |
100.0 |
Source : Podes
Data 2021
This
research uses a quantitative
approach method. The type of quantitative research according to Martens
The
analysis method uses Descriptive
Statistical Analysis, which conducts
cross-tabulation analysis between dependent variables (percentage of villages
with trafficking) according to each independent variable (population, economy,
means of transportation, etc.). Researchers will use hypothesis testing methods and
perform statistical regression analysis in this process. Because the dependent
variables are Sanggau and Pontianak as Kalimantan regions close to land borders
with Malaysia, while the number of trafficking crimes and Village Potential
data are used as independent variables, the analysis used is binary regression
logistic analysis. Binary logistic regression is a data
analysis method used to find the relationship between the binary response
variable (y) and the predictor variable (x)
P (Y=0)
|
Y1
= |
P (Y=1) |
β0 + β1
Topografi + β1 Agen + β2 WNA + β3
Pekerjaan + β4 Ekonomi + β5 SarTrans |
|
P (Y=0) |
Information:
Y = Dependent variable or
Sanggau and Pontianak regions
P = Chance of trafficking
β = Research parameters
Topography = then 1 = village with plain topography,
0 = village with slope topography
Agent
= then 1= there is the
existence of an agent, 0 = no existence of an agent
FOREIGNERS = then 1 = there is the existence of
foreigners, 0 = there is no existence of foreigners
Work = then 1 = source of
agricultural employment, 2 = source of manufacturing employment, 3 = source of
service employment
Economics = shows the number of shops/markets in the
village
SarTrans = The score of the sum of village
facilities and transportation facilities is classified into two categories, namely good and not
good
Of
all the Village Potential data that have been obtained and processed by
researchers, there are 6 variable categories related to the number of
trafficking crimes in Sanggau and Pontianak areas. The six variables are
topography, the existence of sending agents for Indonesian migrant workers, the
presence of Foreign Nationals, the types of work in the village, including work in agriculture, manufacturing
and services, the form of economic facilities in the village, including the number and distance
of shops and markets in meeting the needs of the village community, and
infrastructure and transportation including traffic from/to the village and public
transportation available and operating in the village area.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Descriptive analysis is an analysis
obtained from the results of data processing to find out the entanglement
between variables. Thus, each
relationship between dependent variables is obtained with each free variable
through the number of trafficking crimes and Village Potential data. This study
used data from 204 villages, 175 of which were in Sanggau
Regency and 29 of which were in Pontianak City.
Table 2. The percentage of influence of free
variables on the occurrence of trafficking
|
Free
Variable |
Category |
% ADA
TPPO |
|
Topography |
slope |
0.9% |
|
|
plateau |
2.2% |
|
Agency |
exist |
0% |
|
|
none |
1.5% |
|
WNA |
exist |
6.7% |
|
|
none |
1% |
|
Job |
Agriculture (primary) |
0% |
|
|
manufacturing (secondary) |
0% |
|
|
services (tertiary) |
8.1% |
|
Economy |
none |
0% |
|
|
there is 1 |
0% |
|
|
There are 2 |
7.1% |
|
|
There are 3> |
7.1% |
|
Sartrans |
not good enough |
0% |
|
|
good |
3.1% |
Topographic
variables showed that the topography in Sanggau and Pontianak areas consisted
of slopes and plains with the presence of slope topography affecting
trafficking by 0.9%, resulting in a lower number than plain topography
affecting trafficking by 2.2%. Although there were fewer plains than 113 villages,
trafficking tended to occur in plain areas.
The
agent variable shows that the absence of agents sending Indonesian migrants
abroad is more likely to affect the trafficking rate by 1.5% than the presence
of agents. In fact, based on data obtained, the existence of sending agents for
Indonesian migrant workers abroad in the Sanggau and Pontianak areas is in a
number of 4 villages.
The
presence of foreigners in rural areas in Sanggau and Pontianak was more likely
to influence the trafficking rate by 6.7%. These
foreigners are
spread across 15 villages in the Sanggau and Pontianak regions.
Service
jobs were 8.1% more likely to affect trafficking than other types of work,
agriculture, and manufacturing. Based on data obtained, 37
villages in the Sanggau and Pontianak regions have
communities with service sector (main tertiary sector) jobs.
The
next variable is the economy, which will explain the variable economic facilities
available in the Sanggau and Pontianak areas. The
number of markets, the types of markets available, and the distance to reach
these markets have been processed from the results of Village Potential data so
that the increasing market quantity affects the occurrence of trafficking
crimes by 7.1%.
The
fifth variable, Facilities and Infrastructure, is the
physical condition or infrastructure supporting village economic activities in the
Sanggau and Pontianak areas. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the
supporting characteristics of villagers' economic activities in the secondary
and tertiary sectors are higher than the primary employment sector and equally
affect the rate of trafficking in persons by 7.1% in the Sanggau and Pontianak
regions. The level of transportation facilities and infrastructure in the
Sanggau and Pontianak areas with a high value means that villages in the area
have adequate road traffic in the form of paved land areas, the existence of
public transportation and fixed operating hours. However, the graph shows that
the high level of transportation facilities and infrastructure actually affects
the high value of trafficking in persons in the region.
CONCLUSION
Human trafficking is a modern form of
human slavery. Trafficking in persons is also one of the worst forms of human
dignity and dignity violations. Based on the results of the discussion in this
study, it can be concluded that several factors influence the occurrence of
human trafficking crimes in the Sanggau and Pontianak regions such as the
existence of plain areas in village areas, the absence of agents sending
Indonesian Migrant Workers abroad, the existence of foreigners, the type of
work of rural communities that dominate the main tertiary sector, namely the
service sector, and the level of
high-value transportation facilities and infrastructure. However, the value of
each of these factors is not the same, so it can be known that there are two
factors that are high enough to affect the level of trafficking crimes, namely
the presence of foreigners and the main sector of secondary and tertiary work.
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Hardika Mayline Tampubolon, Chotib, Eko Daryanto (2024) |
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First publication right: Asian
Journal of Engineering, Social and Health (AJESH) |
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