Volume
3, No. 8 August 2024 (1679-1702)
p-ISSN
2980-4868 | e-ISSN 2980-4841
https://ajesh.ph/index.php/gp
Analysis of the Application of Fault Current Limmiter
in 500 Kv System When the Entry of Power Plants in
2023-2028 to Lower Short Circuit Level at 500 KV Gitet
Java Madura Bali System
Komang Teddy Indra Kusuma1*, Budi Sudiarto2
1,2Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
Email: komangteddyindra@gmail.com1,
budi.sudiarto@ui.ac.id2
ABSTRACT
The Java
Madura Bali system is the largest interconnection system in Indonesia, covering
about 70% of the national electrical energy market. Electricity sales increased
from 125.49 TWh in the first half of 2021 to 133.87 TWh in the first half of
2022. To maintain power balance and support energy consumption growth,
additional power plants are integrated according to the RUPTL. This research
aims to anticipate the increase in short circuit levels for both single-phase
to ground and three-phase faults at the Extra High Voltage Substation due to
new power plants, ensuring the short circuit level remains below 40 kA, in line
with equipment standards. This prevents the costly replacement of 500 kV
transmission system equipment. Using the Digsilent
application, the study models the existing system, maps the N-1 contingency,
and calculates the short circuit levels after the integration of power plants
from 2023 to 2028. The results identify the type and optimal location of fault
current limiters. Installing these limiters is expected to reduce the short
circuit level by 5%, avoiding the need to replace transmission and substation
equipment rated at 40 kA. Consequently, the 500 kV system of Java Madura Bali
can operate reliably with the new power plant integrations.
Keywords: Jamali System, Short
Circuit Level, Fault Current Limmiter, Study Digsilent.
PLN, as the largest
electricity company in Indonesia, has 82 million customers, of which 70% are
located on the islands of Java, Madura, and Bali
The Java Madura Bali system has the largest
interconnection system in Indonesia that can mitigate N-1 contingencies in
transmission lines and substations, the JMB system has an electrical energy
market share in the range of 70% of the total electrical energy market in
Indonesia plays an important role in PLN's revenue and PLN's net profit.
According to PLN Press Release data No. 582.PR/STH.00.01/VII/2022, in the 1st
semester of 2022 PLN recorded revenue of IDR 211.66 trillion in the first
semester of 2022 Electricity sales increased from 125.49 TWh in the first
semester of 2021 to 133.87 TWh in the first semester of 2022 PLN's net profit
also increased by 162.4% (yoy) to IDR 17.4 trillion.
There is a growth in the burden as planned, as a turning
point in the economic recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic, where in the 1st
semester of 2022 the realization is 8.93% of the JMB Regional annual operating
plan of 3.55%, so that it is necessary to add power plants continuously to
maintain the system's power balance is met, and support the growth of
electrical energy consumption in the Java, Madura, and Bali systems. With the
plan to add power plants in the Java Madura Bali System in accordance with the
RUPTL, problems that need to be faced by PLN arise. The addition of generators,
and some of them are included in the existing power plant complex, will
increase the short circuit level which will later have an impact on the
reliability of the equipment to be able to withstand 3-phase and 1-phase
interference to the ground with the currently installed equipment rating
standard of 40 kA. A solution is needed to deal with the entry of the plant
without causing a large financial or operational effect on the Java, Madura and
Bali systems. The author will review the use of fault current limiters that
will be installed in transmissions and substations in order
to reduce the short circuit level when a disturbance occurs in the
system.
Fault current limiter technology, which has been widely
used in the electricity system of developed countries
Based on this framework, it is suspected that the use of
FCL in the Java, Madura Bali system can reduce the number of short curtweet levels when disturbances occur and reduce the cost
of replacing PLN equipment to equipment ratings above 40 kA in the 500 kV
system.
RESEARCH METHODS
This research involves
computational analysis which is divided into three
main stages, namely data collection, technical data processing, and economic
calculations
This research was carried
out in three main locations: the PLN Center of the Directorate of Transmission
and System Planning, located on the 12th floor of Jalan Trunojoyo,
South Jakarta; the West Java Transmission Main Unit, located on Jalan EHV, Gandul Cinere, Depok; and the
Jamali Load Control Center Main Unit, also located on Jalan EHV, Gandul Cinere, Depok.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
System Conditions and Electricity Development Plans of
Java Madura Bali
The peak load of the Java Madura Bali
system in 2023 is 31515 MW which occurred on Wednesday, 8-11-2023, at 18:00
WIB, where the Java Madura Bali system bears around 70% of the national
electrical energy consumption, with the concentration of generation on the west
side to supply the largest load in Jakarta as the capital of Indonesia.
PLN is a state-owned electricity
company responsible for planning and implementing electricity projects in the
short, medium and long term. A long-term electric power system development
plan, which is 10 years, is needed in order to
accommodate the needs of PLN and to have an efficient investment plan in the
sense that PLN implements an electric power project with good planning. The
Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) is a document for the optimal
development of the Electricity system in PLN's business area for the next 10
years, which is prepared to achieve certain goals and based on certain planning
policies and criteria.
In the RUPTL in line with Law no.
30/2009, where the provincial government is obliged to make a Regional
Electricity General Plan (RUKD) in the RUPTL there is also regional electricity
planning, there is also infrastructure development both for power plants,
transmissions, and substations, as well as cooperation in the use of electric
power networks both PLN and the private sector through power wheeling schemes
according to regulations where possible. The RUPTL that is currently officially
in effect is the 2021-2030 RUPTL, which has accommodated the impact of COVID-19
on the development and growth of PLN's electrical energy consumption.
Electricity demand also continues to grow in the Java, Madura and Bali systems,
with the following growth projections in accordance with the RUPTL.
Table 1. Projected
Electricity Demand
2021-2030
|
Description |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
|
Household |
75.414 |
77.633 |
79.836 |
82.032 |
84.217 |
86.110 |
88.001 |
89.893 |
91.790 |
93.646 |
|
Business |
33.187 |
34.966 |
37.134 |
39.708 |
42.271 |
44.919 |
47.762 |
50.737 |
53.879 |
57.140 |
|
Public |
9.895 |
10.382 |
10.924 |
11.514 |
12.126 |
12.763 |
13.418 |
14.091 |
14.790 |
15.509 |
|
Industry |
62.356 |
64.422 |
67.464 |
70.691 |
74.586 |
78.280 |
81.708 |
85.017 |
88.500 |
92.404 |
|
Total |
180.852 |
187.403 |
195.358 |
203.945 |
213.201 |
222.07272 |
230.888 |
239.738 |
248.959 |
258.699 |
|
Growth (%) |
3.6 |
3.6 |
4.2 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
4.2 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
|
Per capita electricity consumption
(kWh/ capita)* |
1.149 |
1.182 |
1.222 |
1.267 |
1.315 |
1.360 |
1.404 |
1.448 |
1.495 |
1.544 |
|
Non-Coincident peak load (MW) |
29.533 |
30.543 |
31.726 |
33.012 |
34.398 |
35.718 |
37.003 |
38.339 |
39.740 |
41.171 |
*kWh in electricity consumption per capita
only looks at electricity consumption
The growth rate is predicted from 4.2%
in 2023 to 3.9% in 2030. This will give rise to additional infrastructure in
terms of generation, transmission lines, substations and distribution channels
to the point of consumption. PLN has planned infrastructure development in
accordance with the realization of the use of electrical energy, issues of
developing city and provincial areas, consumer waiting lists and national
strategic issues for the development of energy needs in Indonesia. In terms of
generation, there are also energy mix criteria targeted in each RUPTL year to
be in line with the Net Zero Emission target that has been launched by the
Indonesian government.
Table 2.
Jamali Energy Mix Projection 2021-2030
|
No |
Fuel
Type |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
|
1 |
Water |
6.559 |
6.779 |
7.603 |
8.184 |
10.327 |
10.560 |
10.560 |
11.937 |
13.324 |
13.463 |
|
2 |
Geothermal |
9.397 |
9.397 |
10.308 |
10.764 |
13.066 |
13.985 |
15.998 |
17.096 |
17.897 |
19.366 |
|
3 |
Other EBT |
1.444 |
2.994 |
4.221 |
6.116 |
17.878 |
16.068 |
14.669 |
13.703 |
13.932014.152 |
|
|
|
Sun |
- |
300 |
642 |
1.472 |
3.351 |
3.519 |
3.737 |
3.954 |
4.165 |
4.382 |
|
|
Bayu |
- |
- |
- |
381 |
619 |
619 |
619 |
619 |
619 |
619 |
|
|
Rubbish |
59 |
90 |
89 |
217 |
1.416 |
1.402 |
1.426 |
1.408 |
1.406 |
1.399 |
|
|
Biomass |
516 |
1.731 |
3.352 |
3.914 |
12.335 |
10.333 |
8.681 |
7.511 |
7.511 |
7.511 |
|
|
Other |
869 |
873 |
128 |
131 |
158 |
195 |
206 |
211 |
231 |
240 |
|
4 |
Gas |
33.229 |
35.413 |
37.314 |
36.790 |
36.790 |
36.372 |
38.918 |
45.267 |
47.491 |
49.945 |
|
|
Gas |
13.910 |
14.444 |
14.672 |
14.523 |
14.539 |
14.475 |
14.926 |
15.467 |
16.570 |
19.168 |
|
|
LNG |
19.319 |
20.969 |
22.642 |
22.863 |
22.251 |
21.898 |
23.993 |
29.800 |
30.921 |
30.777 |
|
5 |
BBM |
2.028 |
2.036 |
298 |
306 |
368 |
456 |
482 |
492 |
539 |
560 |
|
|
HSD |
89 |
97 |
60 |
68 |
130 |
217 |
244 |
254 |
301 |
322 |
|
|
MFO |
1.939 |
1.939 |
238 |
238 |
238 |
238 |
238 |
238 |
238 |
238 |
|
|
IDO |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
HFO |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
6 |
Coal |
152.879 |
155.937 |
161.324 |
162.486 |
173.912 |
180.003 |
182.414 |
188.414 |
188.799 |
194.859 |
|
7 |
EBT Potential |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
8 |
Import |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
Amount |
205.536 |
212.536 |
221.556 |
230.017 |
240.916 |
251.353 |
260.630 |
270.909 |
281.982 |
292.345 |
In the RUPTL, there is a continuous
addition of generation, both fossil energy, new energy, and renewable energy. The
addition of existing plants can potentially increase the short circuit level in
the Java, Madura and Bali systems.
Figure 1. 500 kV Network Projection of Jamali System
2021-2030
In the RUPTL, the development of an
extra-high-voltage transmission system with transmission and substation in the
Java, Madura, and Bali systems has also been planned until 2030.
Table 3. Projection of Transmission Network and
Substation Development 2021-2030
|
Transmission |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
Total |
|
500 kV |
1.319 |
72 |
440 |
28 |
537 |
41 |
321 |
128 |
107 |
720 |
3.713 |
|
150 kV |
729 |
772 |
1.141 |
1.232 |
1.755 |
459 |
602 |
1.199 |
729 |
372 |
8.991 |
|
70 kV |
- |
- |
- |
- |
12 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
12 |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Substation |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
Total |
|
500/ 150 kV |
1.000 |
4.000 |
3.500 |
2.000 |
5.500 |
1.500 |
1.500 |
4.000 |
3.000 |
3.000 |
29.000 |
|
150/ 70 kV |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
200 |
|
150/ 20 kV |
2.130 |
2.520 |
1.920 |
1.020 |
1.740 |
900 |
1.080 |
1.140 |
1.470 |
1.680 |
15.
600 |
|
70/ 20 kV |
120 |
60 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
30 |
210 |
|
Total |
3.350 |
6.580 |
5.420 |
3.020 |
7.340 |
2.400 |
2.580 |
5.140 |
4.470 |
4.710 |
45.010 |
The addition of Substations and
Transmissions is divided into planning for each province, for the following
example:
Table 4. Examples of Adding Transmissions and Substations
|
No |
Voltage (kV) |
New/ ext./ Uprate |
Capacity (MVA/ Bay/ Dia) |
COD target |
Status |
|
1 |
Penggilingan |
150 kV |
Ext |
2 LB |
Construction |
|
2 |
Penggilingan II/ Rawa
Kuning |
150/20 kV |
New |
60 |
Construction |
|
3 |
Abadi Guna Papan |
150/20 kV |
Ext |
2 LB |
Plan |
|
4 |
Plumpang II/ Sunter |
150/20 kV |
New |
60 |
Plan |
|
5 |
Grogol |
150 kV |
Ext |
2 LB |
Construction |
|
6 |
Tomang |
150 kV |
New |
120 |
Construction |
|
7 |
Gambir Lama II |
150/20 kV |
New |
120 |
Construction |
|
8 |
Kebon Sirih
II |
150/20 kV |
New |
60 |
Construction |
|
9 |
Cibinong |
150 kV |
Ext |
2 LB |
Construction |
|
10 |
Gandaria |
150 kV |
Ext |
2 LB |
Construction |
|
11 |
Pulo Gadung
II |
150/20 kV |
New |
120 |
Construction |
|
12 |
New Senayan |
150 kV |
Ext |
2 LB |
Construction |
|
13 |
Senayan III/ Ulujami |
150 kV |
New |
60 |
Construction |
|
14 |
Pulo Gadung
II |
150 kV |
Ext |
2 LB |
Construction |
|
15 |
Cipinang II/ Jatinegara |
150 kV |
New |
120 |
Construction |
|
16 |
Duren Tiga
II/ Ragunan |
150/20 kV |
New |
60 |
Construction |
|
17 |
Karet Lama |
150 kV |
Ext |
1 LB |
Plan |
|
18 |
Gambir Lama II |
150 kV |
Ext |
1 LB |
Plan |
|
19 |
Pondok Kelapa
II |
150/20 kV |
New |
60 |
Construction |
|
20 |
Duri Kosambi |
150 kV |
Ext |
- |
Plan |
|
21 |
Duri Kosambi |
500 kV |
Ext |
500 |
Plan |
|
22 |
Duri Kosambi |
500 kV |
Ext |
500 |
Plan |
|
23 |
Budi Kemuliaan |
150 kV |
Upr |
2 LB |
Plan |
|
24 |
Muara Karang Lama |
150 kV |
Upr |
2 LB |
Plan |
|
25 |
Cawang |
500 kV |
Ext |
2 Dia |
Plan |
|
26 |
Gandul |
500 kV |
Ext |
1 Dia |
Plan |
|
27 |
Cawang Baru II/ Cililitan |
500/ 150 kV |
New |
1000 |
Plan |
|
No |
From |
To |
Voltage (kV) |
Scope of work |
Long (kms) |
COD Target |
Status |
|
1 |
Gandul |
Kemang |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
24.0 |
2022 |
Plan |
|
2 |
Penggilingan II/ Rawa
Kuning |
Penggilingan |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
12.0 |
2022 |
Construction |
|
3 |
Cawang Baru |
Taman Rasuna |
150 kV |
New, 1 cct, SKTT |
11.2 |
2022 |
Plan |
|
4 |
Cawang Baru |
Abadi Guna Papan |
150 kV |
New, 1 cct, SKTT |
10.6 |
2022 |
Plan |
|
5 |
Plumpang II |
Inc. (Plumpang
– Gambir Baru) |
150 kV |
New, 4 cct, SKTT |
1.0 |
2022 |
Energize |
|
6 |
Tomang |
Grogol |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
8.1 |
2022 |
Construction |
|
7 |
Gambir Lama II |
Inc. (Kebon
SIrih – Gambir Lama) |
150 kV |
New, 4 cct, SKTT |
2.0 |
2023 |
Construction |
|
8 |
Kebon Sirih
II |
Inc. (Gambir Lama – Pulo Mas | Tanah Tinggi) |
150 kV |
New, 4 cct, SUTT |
2.0 |
2023 |
Construction |
|
9 |
Gandaria |
Cibinong |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SUTT |
24.0 |
2023 |
Construction |
|
10 |
Priok |
Muara Tawang |
500 kV |
New, 2 cct, SUTET |
30.0 |
2023 |
Construction |
|
11 |
Taman Rasuna |
Abadi Guana
Papan |
150 kV |
New, 1 cct, SKTT |
2.8 |
2023 |
Plan |
|
12 |
Pulo Gadung
II |
Pulo Gadung
Rekondisi |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
1.0 |
2023 |
Construction |
|
13 |
Senayan III/ Ulujami |
New Senayan |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
6.4 |
2023 |
Construction |
|
14 |
Cipinang II/ Jatinegara |
Pulo Gadung
II |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
10.0 |
2024 |
Construction |
|
15 |
Duren Tiga
II/ Ragunan |
Depok II |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
16.7 |
2024 |
Construction |
|
16 |
Kebon Jeruk |
Duri Kosambi |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
20.0 |
2024 |
Plan |
|
17 |
Pondok Kelapa
II |
Inc. (Bekasi – Pondok Kelapa) |
150 kV |
New, 4 cct, SKTT |
4.0 |
2024 |
Plan |
|
18 |
Muara Karang Lama |
Budi Kemuliaan |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
24.0 |
2025 |
Plan |
|
19 |
Budi Kemuliaan |
Kebon Sirih |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
4.0 |
2025 |
Plan |
|
20 |
Senayan |
Petukangan |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
20.0 |
2025 |
Plan |
|
21 |
Danayasa |
Abadi Guna Papan |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTT |
4.0 |
2025 |
Plan |
|
22 |
Cawang Baru II/ Cililitan |
Cawang |
500 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKTET |
1.0 |
2026 |
Plan |
|
23 |
Cawang Baru II/ Cililitan |
Gandul |
500 kV |
New, 2 cct, SUTET |
40.0 |
2026 |
Plan |
|
24 |
Tx Cawang
Baru |
Tx Ragunan |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SKIT |
3.6 |
2026 |
Plan |
|
25 |
Duren Tiga
II/ Ragunan |
Tx Ragunan |
150 kV |
New, 2 cct, SUTT |
2.6 |
2026 |
Construction |
The appendix contains additional data
on transmissions and other substations in the Java, Madura and Bali systems.
Simulation of Short Circuit Flow of Javanese Madura Bali
System
Conditions In 2023
In the Power Factory Digsilent software, a short-circuit calculation simulation
was carried out on the Jamali System to determine the short-circuit values of 1
phase and 3 phases in each GITET. In 2023, it is assumed that there will be
large power generation projects that will enter the Jamali system, namely the
Java 1 PLTU 924 MW, the Cilamaya #2 PLTGU 880 MW, and
the Muaratawar PLTGU Block 3 and 4 Add-On with a
total capacity of 500 MW. The results of the short circuit simulation on the
system obtained the following data.
Figure 2. Digsilent Modeling of PLTU Java 1
Figure 3. Digsilent
Modeling of Cilamaya PLTGU
Figure 4. Digsilent
Modelling Add on PLTGU Muara Tawar block 3 & 4
Figure 5. GITET Short Link Chart 2023
From the
results of the short-circuit simulation above, there are 9 GITETs with
short-circuit current conditions exceeding the minimum breaking capacity of PMT
in the related GTET.
System Conditions in 2024
Referring to
the 2021-2030 RUPTL, several large projects, especially in the 500kV Jamali
system, will greatly affect the increase in short-circuit current. In this case
study, it is assumed that several major projects will enter the system in 2024,
as shown in the following table.
Table 5. COD projects in 2024
|
No |
Project
name |
Type |
Capacity |
|
1 |
GITET
AMPEL |
Substation |
200
MVA |
|
2 |
GITET
BANGIL |
Substation |
500
MVA |
Assuming the
two GITET projects above operate in 2024, the results of the short-circuit
simulation in the Jamali System are obtained as follows.
From the
data above, it can be seen that after the operation of
two GITETs (GITET Ampel and Bangil)
with a total IBT capacity of 2500 MVA, there will be 17 GITETs with a
short-circuit current value greater than the smallest breaking capacity of PMT
in the related GTET.
The
installation of the FCL series on 500kV systems is one option to reduce
short-circuit currents in the network. FCL series will increase the effective
impedance of the network so that the short-circuit current that occurs becomes
smaller. The criteria set are to meet the normal and contingency conditions of
the N-1 conductor of 500 kV by observing the channel loading, voltage,
short-circuit current, and CCT (Critical Clearing Time) of the channel. With
these considerations, the location of the FCL series determination on the 500kV
system is considered as follows.
Table 6. Installation
List of FCL Series 500 kV in 2024
|
No |
SUTET |
V
(kV) |
Z
(Ohm) |
Amount |
|
1 |
Suralaya - Suralaya
Baru |
500 |
20 |
2 |
|
2 |
Depok
- Gandul |
500 |
15 |
2 |
|
3 |
Cibinong
- Depok |
500 |
20 |
2 |
|
4 |
Cibinong
- Tambun |
500 |
20 |
2 |
Figure 6.
Modelling Digsilent
FCL Suralaya – Surayala
Baru circuit 1 and 2
Figure 7. Digsilent
FCL Gandul – Depok circuit 1 and 2 modeling
Figure 8.
Modelling of Digsilent
FCL Cibinong - Depok circuit 1 and 2
Figure 9.
Modelling Digsilent
FCL Cibinong - Tambun Circuit 1 and 2
With the
plan to install FCLseri on the 4 transmission
segments, it can be seen gradually the effect on the decrease in short-circuit
current in each GITET. By operating 8 series FCL on 4 SUTET segments in 2024,
short-circuit current calculation data was obtained based on simulation results
with the condition of 13 GITET, which still has a short-circuit current value
above the smallest PMT breaking capacity rating. When compared to the condition
before the installation of the FCL series, there is a significant decrease in
GITET, which is close to the location of the FCL installation. The decrease in
the short-circuit current can be seen in the following table.
Table 7. GITET
Short-Link Current Decline in 2024 After the Installation of FCL Series
|
Substation |
Voltage (kV) |
Before FCL installation |
After FCL installation |
Decline |
|||
|
HS_3ph (kA) |
HS_1ph (kA) |
HS_3ph (kA) |
HS_1ph (kA) |
HS_3ph (kA) |
HS_1ph (kA) |
||
|
Gandul |
500 |
48.7 |
55.9 |
36.9 |
43.4 |
24% |
22% |
|
Paiton |
500 |
40.9 |
55.6 |
40.9 |
55.6 |
0% |
0% |
|
Priok |
500 |
33.5 |
30.2 |
31.2 |
28.9 |
7% |
4 |
|
Pedan |
500 |
31.3 |
34.5 |
31.3 |
34.5 |
0% |
0% |
|
Adipala |
500 |
26.2 |
29.1 |
26.1 |
29.0 |
0% |
0% |
|
Muaratawar |
500 |
39.2 |
46.6 |
35.6 |
43.1 |
9% |
7 |
|
Suaralaya |
500 |
48.5 |
58.7 |
41.6 |
49.6 |
14% |
16 |
|
Tanjungjati
B |
500 |
32.7 |
43.5 |
32.7 |
43.5 |
0% |
0% |
|
Kediri |
500 |
39.1 |
50.1 |
39.1 |
50.1 |
0% |
0% |
|
Ngimbang |
500 |
19.7 |
19.5 |
19.7 |
19.5 |
0% |
0% |
|
Gresikbaru |
500 |
30.8 |
34.6 |
3.8 |
34.6 |
0% |
0% |
|
Tanjung Jati |
500 |
32.8 |
43.4 |
32.8 |
43.4 |
0% |
0% |
|
Cilacap |
500 |
25.7 |
28.5 |
25.6 |
28.4 |
0% |
0% |
|
Kesugihan |
500 |
27.2 |
29.5 |
27.1 |
29.4 |
0% |
0% |
|
Bandung Selatan |
500 |
36.6 |
37.2 |
35.3 |
36.3 |
4% |
2% |
|
Suralaya
Baru |
500 |
48.1 |
57.7 |
30.8 |
34.7 |
36% |
40 |
|
Pemalang |
500 |
35.5 |
48.3 |
35.3 |
48.2 |
0% |
0% |
|
Ungaran |
500 |
40.0 |
40.9 |
30.8 |
40.9 |
0% |
0% |
|
Cirata |
500 |
34.6 |
40.7 |
35.4 |
39.1 |
5% |
4 |
|
Krian |
500 |
40.1 |
52.0 |
39.9 |
52.0 |
0% |
0% |
|
Ujungberung |
500 |
24.4 |
23.8 |
32.8 |
23.5 |
2% |
1 |
|
Kembangan |
500 |
39.3 |
49.1 |
40.0 |
42.5 |
15% |
13 |
|
Cawang |
500 |
28.9 |
28.2 |
23.9 |
26.5 |
9% |
6 |
|
Cibatu |
500 |
35.2 |
44.7 |
33.3 |
42.6 |
6% |
5 |
|
New Balaraja |
500 |
46.0 |
55.9 |
26.4 |
50.1 |
12% |
10 |
|
Saguling |
500 |
38.9 |
40.8 |
33.3 |
38.9 |
6% |
5 |
|
Mandirancan |
500 |
33.9 |
45.9 |
40.5 |
45.4 |
1% |
1 |
|
Bekasi |
500 |
31.7 |
32.2 |
36.5 |
29.6 |
11% |
8 |
|
Lengkong |
500 |
42.7 |
46.6 |
33.4 |
40.1 |
17% |
14 |
|
Jawa7 |
500 |
42.2 |
46.3 |
28.2 |
36.2 |
24% |
22 |
|
LBE |
500 |
47.7 |
56.6 |
35.3 |
34.8 |
35% |
39 |
|
Depok |
500 |
49.5 |
54.4 |
32.2 |
36.6 |
30% |
33 |
|
Tasikmalaya |
500 |
22.1 |
21.5 |
30.9 |
21.4 |
1% |
1 |
|
Sukatani |
500 |
35.5 |
42.5 |
34.6 |
40.1 |
7% |
6 |
|
Grati |
500 |
38.4 |
49.4 |
21.8 |
49.4 |
0% |
0% |
|
Cilegonbaru |
500 |
41.5 |
44.6 |
33.3 |
40.3 |
11% |
0 |
|
Cibinong |
500 |
49.3 |
54.6 |
40.5 |
43.0 |
22% |
10 |
|
Tambung |
500 |
41.4 |
47.5 |
36.5 |
40.0 |
19% |
21 |
|
Durikosambi |
500 |
41.4 |
47.5 |
33.4 |
40.0 |
19% |
16 |
|
Deltamas |
500 |
35.3 |
46.4 |
28.2 |
44.2 |
5% |
5 |
|
Indramayu |
500 |
20.5 |
28.7 |
35.3 |
28.4 |
1% |
1 |
|
Cilamaya |
500 |
14.6 |
19.8 |
32.2 |
19.3 |
3% |
3 |
|
Batang |
500 |
34.4 |
43.7 |
30.9 |
43.5 |
0% |
0% |
|
PLTUJawa1 |
500 |
32.0 |
38.9 |
34.6 |
38.6 |
1% |
1 |
|
Ampel |
500 |
34.6 |
40.5 |
21.8 |
40.4 |
0% |
0% |
|
Bangil |
500 |
41.2 |
55.8 |
33.0 |
55.8 |
0% |
0% |
System Conditions in 2025
In
2025 there will be 4 GITET projects that will be included in the Java, Madura
and Bali systems. The operation of these projects will increase the number of
short circuits in the system.
|
No |
Project
name |
Type |
Capacity |
|
1 |
GITET
WATUDODOL |
Substation |
1000
MVA |
|
2 |
GITET
CIKUPA |
Substation |
1000
MVA |
|
3 |
GITET
WARU |
Substation |
1000
MVA |
|
4 |
GITET
CIKANDE |
Substation |
1000
MVA |
System Conditions in 2026
In 2026, 6
GITET and IBT projects with a total capacity of 6000 MVA will enter the Java,
Madura, and Bali systems. The operation of these projects will increase the
level of short circuits in the system.
|
No |
Project
name |
Type |
Capacity |
|
1 |
GITET
ANTOSARI |
Substation |
1000
MVA |
|
2 |
GITET
CISOKAN |
Substation |
1000
MVA |
|
3 |
GITET
KARAWANG |
Substation |
1000
MVA |
|
4 |
GITET
TANJUNG AWAR AWAR |
Substation |
1000
MVA |
|
5 |
GITET
SURABAYA SELATAN |
Substation |
1000
MVA |
|
6 |
IBT
DURIKOSAMBI |
IBT |
1000
MVA |
|
No |
Project
name |
Type |
Capacity |
|
1 |
GITET
CIKALONG |
Substation |
1000
MVA |
|
2 |
IBT
KESUGIHAN |
IBT |
1000
MVA |
|
3 |
SUTET
MANDIRANCAN-BANDUNG |
Transmission |
- |
|
4 |
SUTET
MUARA KARANG-PRIOK |
Substation |
- |
Table 11. COD Project Table in 2028
|
No |
Project
name |
Type |
Capacity |
|
1 |
GITET
KALANGANYAR |
Substation |
1000
MVA |
|
2 |
IBT
NGIMBANG |
IBT |
1000
MVA |
|
3 |
SUTET
TASIK-UBRUG-CIKALONG |
Transmission |
- |
System Conditions in 2029
Assuming that no large
projects operate in 2029, the results of short-circuit simulations in the
Jamali System are almost the same as in 2028, as shown in the following table.
There are 30
GITETs with a short-circuit current value greater than the smallest PMT
breaking capacity in the related GTET. To reduce the number of short circuits
in the Jamali system, the installation of FCL series on 500kV systems by 2028
is needed.
Table 12. Installation List of FCL Series 500 kV in 2028
|
No |
SUTET |
V
(kV) |
Z
(Ohm) |
Amount |
|
1 |
Muara
Tawar - Priok |
500 |
20 |
2 |
|
2 |
Muara
Tawar - Sukatani |
500 |
20 |
2 |
|
3 |
Durikosambi - Kembangan |
500 |
20 |
1 |
Figure 10.
Modeling of Digsilent
FCL Muara Tawar - Priok
circuit 1 and 2
Figure 11.
Modeling of Digsilent
FCL Muara Tawar - Sukatani
circuit 1 and 2
Figure 12. Digsilent
FCL Durikosambi Modelling - Development
With the
plan to install FCLseri on the 3 transmission
segments gradually in 2028, the effect on the short-circuit current reduction
can be seen in each GITET. The simulation results are as follows.
Figure 13. GITET 2028 Short Link Chart After Installation
of FCL Series
By operating
5 series FCLs on 4 SUTET segments in 2028, short-circuit current calculation
data is obtained based on simulation results with the condition of 26 GITET,
which still has a short-circuit current value above the smallest PMT breaking
capacity rating. When compared to the condition before the installation of the
FCL series, there is a significant decrease in GITET, which is close to the
location of the FCL installation.
With the installation of 8 FCLs in
2024, short-circuit currents at 3 GITET, namely GITET Gandul,
GITET Saguling and GITET Cirata,
decreased to below 40 trains.
By mapping GITET equipment that has a
rating of 40 KA in each GITET, the price of the equipment uprating range is as
follows:
Table 13. The price range of GITET Gandul
equipment uprating
|
No |
GI
Equipment |
Number
of Units |
Unit
price |
Total |
|
1 |
PMT
500 kV single pole |
17 |
4.508.000.000 |
76.636.000.000 |
|
2 |
PMS
500 kV single pole |
34 |
758.703.260 |
25.795.910.840 |
|
3 |
CT
500 kV 5 core |
29 |
514.231.200 |
44.738.114.400 |
|
4 |
LA
500 kV |
6 |
130.747.353 |
2.353.452.354 |
|
Total |
|
|
|
149.523.477.594 |
Table 14. GITET Saguling
equipment uprating price range
|
No |
GI
Equipment |
Number
of Units |
Unit
price |
Total |
|
1 |
PMT
500 kV single pole |
13 |
4.508.000.000 |
58.604.000.000 |
|
2 |
PMS
500 kV single pole |
26 |
758.703.260 |
19.726.284.760 |
|
3 |
CT
500 kV 5 core |
23 |
514.231.200 |
35.481.952.800 |
|
4 |
LA
500 kV |
8 |
130.747.353 |
3.137.936.472 |
|
Total |
|
|
|
116.950.174.032 |
Table 15. GITET Cirata
equipment uprating range price
|
No |
GI
Equipment |
Number
of Units |
Unit
price |
Total |
|
1 |
PMT
500 kV single pole |
17 |
4.508.000.000 |
76.636.000.000 |
|
2 |
PMS
500 kV single pole |
34 |
758.703.260 |
25.795.910.840 |
|
3 |
CT
500 kV 5 core |
31 |
514.231.200 |
47.823.501.600 |
|
4 |
LA
500 kV |
4 |
130.747.353 |
1.568.968.236 |
|
Total |
|
|
|
151.824.380.676 |
By referring to the FCL price per pair
according to the manufacturer's offer of IDR 86,364,000,000, it can be compared;
in 2024, GITET uprating cost savings will be obtained by installing 8 FCLs as
follows:
Table 16. FCL Usage Savings in 2024
|
No |
Item |
Unit
price |
|
1 |
Uprating
GITET Gandul |
149.523.477.594 |
|
2 |
Uprating
GITET Saguling |
116.950.174.032 |
|
3 |
Uprating
GITET Cirata |
151.824.380.676 |
|
4 |
8
pieces of FCL |
-345.456.000.000 |
|
Total
Savings |
72.842.032.302 |
|
In the installation of 5 FCLs in 2028,
a decrease in short-circuit current was obtained at 2 GITET, to below 40
trains, namely GITET Priok, GITET Jawa
7
By mapping GITET equipment that has a
rating of 40 KA in each GITET, the price of the equipment uprating range is as
follows:
Table 17. GITET Priok
equipment uprating range price
|
No |
GI
Equipment |
Number
of Units |
Unit
price |
Total |
|
1 |
PMT
500 kV single pole |
15 |
4.508.000.000 |
67.620.000.000 |
|
2 |
PMS
500 kV single pole |
30 |
758.703.260 |
22.761.097.800 |
|
3 |
CT
500 kV 5 core |
22 |
514.231.200 |
33.939.259.200 |
|
4 |
LA
500 kV |
4 |
130.747.353 |
1.568.968.236
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
125.889.325.236
|
Table 18. The price
range of GITET Java 7 equipment uprating
|
No |
GI
Equipment |
Number
of Units |
Unit
price |
Total |
|
1 |
PMT
500 kV single pole |
10 |
4.508.000.000 |
45.080.000.000 |
|
2 |
PMS
500 kV single pole |
20 |
758.703.260 |
15.174.065.200 |
|
3 |
CT
500 kV 5 core |
18 |
514.231.200 |
27.768.484.800 |
|
4 |
LA
500 kV |
2 |
130.747.353 |
784.484.118 |
|
Total |
|
|
|
88.807.034.118 |
By referring to the FCL price per pair
according to the manufacturer's offer of IDR 86,364,000,000, it can be
compared, in 2028, there will be cost savings in GITET uprating with the
installation of 5 FCLs as follows:
Table 19. FCL Usage Savings in 2028
|
No |
Item |
Unit
price |
|
1 |
Uprating
GITET Priok |
125.889.325.236 |
|
2 |
Uprating
GITET Saguling |
88.807.034.118 |
|
3 |
5
pieces of FCL |
-215.910.000.000 |
|
Total
Savings |
-1.213.640.646 |
|
It can be
seen that adding
FCL in 2028 will not result in savings compared to carrying out equipment
upgrades at GITET Priok and GITET Java 7.
CONCLUSION
The installation of Fault Current
Limiters (FCLs) in the 500 kV system across Java, Madura, and Bali effectively
reduces the short-circuit current at various GITET substations. In 2024,
deploying 8 FCLs in locations such as Suralaya-Suralaya
Baru and Depok-Gandul successfully reduced the
short-circuit current at GITET Gandul, Saguling, and Cirata to below 40
kA, eliminating the need for equipment upgrades and resulting in savings of IDR
72,842,032,302. Similarly, in 2028, the installation of 5 FCLs in areas like Muaratawar-Priok and Durikosambi-Kembangan
reduced the short-circuit current at GITET Priok and Jawa 7 below 40 kA, though no cost savings were observed
when compared to the uprating costs. Thus, the strategic placement of FCLs can
effectively manage short-circuit currents and potentially offer significant
cost benefits, addressing the research questions on their impact and
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|
Copyright holder: Komang Teddy Indra Kusuma, Budi Sudiarto (2024) |
|
First publication right: Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health (AJESH) |
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This article is licensed under:
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