Volume 3, No. 10 October 2024 - (2169-2183)
p-ISSN 2980-4868 |
e-ISSN 2980-4841
https://ajesh.ph/index.php/gp
The Correlation Between Adherence to Personal Protective
Equipment and Incidents Involving Construction Workers at
the Bali Hospital Project
Adi Saputra1*,
Stanita Nataya2
Universitas
Udayana, Indonesia
Emails:
adisaputra.fis@unud.ac.id1, stnataya9@gmail.com2
ABSTRACT:
Work accidents are unwanted events that harm
people, cause damage to property, and work processes. In the construction
sector, the work accident rate in Indonesia reaches 32%. This research aims to
determine the relationship between compliance with the use of personal protective
equipment (PPE) with the incidence of work accidents in construction sector
workers at Bali International Hospital Sanur managed by PT PP (Persero) Tbk.
This research used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The
research population was all construction workers in the Bali International
Hospital Sanur project as many as 286 people, with random sampling techniques.
The instrument used in data collection was a questionnaire, and data analysis
was carried out univariate and bivariate using the Chi-square test. The results
showed a relationship between the use of safety helmets and the incidence of
occupational accidents in construction workers at Bali International Hospital
Sanur by PT PP (Persero) Tbk (p = 0.11). The implication of this research is
the importance of compliance with the use of PPE in preventing work accidents
in the construction sector.
Keywords: Compliance, Personal Protective
Equipment, Workplace Accident.
INTRODUCTION
Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) is a
means to prevent Occupational Accidents, which can cause losses in the form of
injuries or injuries, disabilities or death, property losses, and damage to
equipment or machinery and the environment at large (Rambe, 2019). The purpose of implementing OHSAS is to make the work environment
more comfortable so that the risk of accidents and diseases due to work can be
reduced as low as possible (Dyreborg et al., 2024). The OHSAS profession in the company has a function to assess the
picture of worker behavior and the implementation of the OHSAS program in the
work environment and the company. This assessment is used as the basis for
corrective action so that every worker and the community always avoids hazards
due to work (Kuswana, 2014).
An accident is an
unwanted event that causes losses to humans, processes, and property damage in
an industrial work process. The occurrence of work accidents occurs due to the
existence of previous factors. If one part of these factors is eliminated, the
occurrence of work accidents will not occur (Martiwi et al., 2017). According to (Yuliandi & Ahman, 2019), there are two causes of work accidents: those caused by unsafe
conditions and unsafe actions. Unsafe conditions will occur if during the
implementation of worker activities in the work environment do not comply with
the rules and procedures that have been set, while those caused by unsafe
actions will occur if a worker does not know, is incapable, and does not want
to carry out the work procedures and regulations that have been set. This
unsafe act is one of the factors contributing to the highest accident rate (Monalisa et al., 2022). Therefore, it can be concluded that the main factor in the
occurrence of work accidents is caused by the human factor itself. According to
Lawrence Green's theory, actions or behaviors are influenced by several
factors, namely predisposing, supporting, and driving factors. The predisposing
factors in question are such as education, knowledge, working period, attitude,
motivation, and others. Supporting factors are facilities and driving factors,
include colleagues and promotion of occupational safety and health.
The consequences of
work-related accidents are direct losses or costs and indirect losses or costs (Pérez et al., 2024). Direct losses or costs
are losses that can be calculated directly from the beginning of the event to
the rehabilitation stage, for example, medical expenses and treatment due to
accidents. Meanwhile, indirect losses
or costs are losses in the form of costs incurred including something that is
not visible at the time or sometime after the accident, for example the loss of
working hours of workers who have had work accidents (Putra, 2017).
According to the
International Labour Organization (ILO), every year, there are more than 250
million workplace accidents and more than 160 million occupational illnesses.
This is an increase based on the ILO estimate that around 2.78 million workers
die every year due to work accidents and work-related illnesses. About 2.4
million (86.3%) of these deaths are due to occupational diseases, while more
than 380,000 (13.7%) are due to occupational accidents (ILO, 2018). Meanwhile,
based on data from the Ministry of Manpower in the first quarter of 2018, there
were 5,318 cases of work accidents with fatalities of 87 workers, 52 workers
were disabled, and 1,361 workers recovered after receiving treatment (Ridasta, 2020). The number of work accident cases in Indonesia is still very
high, this is based on data from the Social Security Administration Agency
(BPJS, Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial) Employment in 2021 stating
that the number of work accident cases continues to increase every year. In
2019 there were 182,835 cases, and in 2020 the number of reported work
accidents continued to increase to 221,740 cases; throughout 2021, it reached 234,270
cases.
Work accidents are often
encountered in work activities in the industrial sector or related to it (Pertiwi & Widyanti, 2021).The construction services industry is an industrial sector with a
high rate of accidents due to work. The high number of occupational accident in
the construction sector is still often ignored and considered unimportant.
Construction construction contains a greater risk of work accidents compared to
other fields of work (Handari & Qolbi, 2019). According to data from the
Ministry of PUPR in 2018, in the last two years there have been fourteen cases
of work accidents in construction projects. Cases of work accidents in the
construction sector in Indonesia are 32% (Huda et al., 2021). This is in accordance with data from the Ministry of Public
Works and Spatial Planning (2019) that there have been 130,923 work accidents
and the most incidents of work accidents are in construction projects (Ihsan et al., 2020).
According to the results
of (Rambe, 2019) research on workers at PT. Global Permai Abdi Medan Timur North
Sumatra is known that as many as 57 (66.3%) people have experienced work
accidents at their workplaces, while there are 29 (33.7%) people who have never
had work accidents at work and there is a relationship between compliance with
the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and work accidents. This is
supported by the results of research by (Handari & Qolbi, 2021) that of the 110 workers at PT. X Serpong – Cinere Toll Road
Project has 82 (74.5%) people who have experienced work accidents, while 28
(25.5%) people who have never experienced work accidents. The number of work
accidents in this research is quite large because there are 70.9% of workers do
not use PPE at work. The high number of work accidents in construction
activities can interfere with worker productivity, so it will hinder the
development carried out.
Control of work accident
risk factors that can be done to minimize the number of work accidents is
technically and administrative. Technical control that can be carried out in
construction is repairing, adding, and installing safety on equipment, such as
installing noise detectors on noisy machines so as to reduce noise figures (Jawat, 2017). Meanwhile, administrative control that can be carried out during
construction is the provision of rewards, training, and the implementation of
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). However, many companies refuse to carry
out these controls on the grounds that they add to the cost of expenses that
are quite expensive (Barizqi, 2015). Therefore, the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the
last alternative to risk control in work accidents if technical and
administrative control still leaves risks that cannot be reduced.
The use of Personal
Protective Equipment in construction projects has a very important role in
protecting workers from work accidents (Hartanto, 2017). The use of PPE cannot perfectly protect the body from the risk
of harm, but it can minimize the severity that may occur. However, the great
benefits of using Personal Protective Equipment at work do not guarantee that
all workers will wear it. In reality, the use of PPE by workers has not been
fully implemented. This occurs due to several factors, such as the presence of
PPE, lack of knowledge about PPE and lack of worker compliance in using PPE.
The results of research conducted by (Rambe, 2019) on workers at PT. Global Permai Abadi Medan Timur stated that out
of 86 workers, there were 33 (38,4&) people who were obedient in using
personal protective equipment when working, while workers who were less
compliant in using personal protective equipment when working were 53 (61.6%)
workers. Meanwhile, the results of a research conducted by Sulhinayatillah
(2017) showed that of the 86 people who worked at PT. PP London Sumatra
Indonesia Tbk, more workers who are incomplete use personal protective equipment,
namely 54 (62.8%) workers, while workers who use complete personal protective
equipment are 31 (37.2%).
Based
on research conducted by (Barizqi, 2015) on construction workers of PT. Adhi Karya Tbk project of
Telogorejo Hospital Semarang, OHSAS, has provided PPE in the form of safety
helmets and safety shoes for construction workers to use while working. The
results of the research that has been conducted by (Barizqi, 2015) showed that of the 59 respondents who did not comply with using
PPE in the form of safety helmets, there were 33 (50.8%) workers who
experienced work accidents, and of 56 respondents who did not comply with PPE
in the form of safety shoes, there were 32 (49.2%) workers who experienced work
accidents. The reason for the non-compliance of construction workers in using
PPE is due to various reasons such as uneven distribution of PPE, uncomfortable
use of PPE at work, and lack of awareness of workers on the importance of using
PPE when doing work (Barizqi, 2015).
PT. PP (Persero) Tbk is
one of the companies engaged in the construction services sector. This company
is part of a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) which is currently a contractor to
build one of the projects, namely Bali International Hospital Sanur, which is
located in the Sanur Tourism Area, Denpasar City, Bali. The purpose of the
development of Bali International Hospital Sanur is to improve services in the
health sector in Indonesia and become an international standard hospital. This
project can be said to be one of the big projects that are running. This can be
seen from the number of project workers, as many as 286 people, and the work
process, which uses a lot of heavy equipment such as excavators, cranes,
compactors, and other heavy equipment. Thus, it can be ascertained that the
potential for work accidents in this project is quite large.
Based on the above
background, it can be seen that the use of PPE in construction project workers
is very important to pay attention to so as not to interfere with the work
productivity of workers who can hamper these construction activities.
Therefore, this research aims to determine and analyze the relationship between
compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) with work
accidents in workers in the construction sector of the construction of Bali
International Hospital Sanur by PT. PP (Persero) tbk. So that the benefit in
this research is to provide information that can be used as a basis for
improving compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the
construction work environment. This research is expected to make a practical contribution
to project management in designing more effective work safety policies, as well
as increasing workers' awareness of the importance of PPE to reduce the risk of
work accidents. In addition, the results of this research are also expected to
be a reference for other construction companies in an effort to create a safer
work environment and support worker productivity.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research is a quantitative
analytical research with a cross-sectional design, focusing on the Bali
International Hospital Sanur Construction Project PT workers. PP (Persero) Tbk.
Data collection was carried out from March to April 2023, involving 286 workers
as a population. The research sample was taken by simple random sampling with
the help of Microsoft Excel, resulting in 70 respondents who met the inclusion
and exclusion criteria. The research instrument was in the form of a
paper-based questionnaire consisting of questions about the identity of the
respondents, the incidence of work accidents, compliance with the use of safety
helmets and safety shoes, and the availability of personal protective
equipment. Primary data is collected directly from respondents, while secondary
data is obtained from various supporting sources such as research articles,
journals, and internal project data.
Data analysis is carried out through several stages
ranging from checking and coding the data to processing and compiling the data
for further analysis. Univariate analysis was used to describe the
characteristics of the research variables, while bivariate analysis with the
Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between compliance with
the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the incidence of work
accidents. This research also ensures compliance with research ethics by
seeking approval from the Research Ethics Committee of FK Unud/RSUP Sanglah and
ensuring the confidentiality of respondent data through a questionnaire consent
sheet (informed consent).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Occurrence of Work
Accidents in Workers
Based on the results of
the research that has been carried out, the distribution of work accident
incidents among Bali International Hospital construction workers was obtained.
Data on the incidence of work accidents was obtained by distributing
questionnaires to workers. For more details, please see Table 1.
Table 1. Occurrence of Work Accidents in Workers
|
Occurrence of Work Accidents |
Frequency (n) |
Proportion (%) |
|
Ever |
48 |
68.7 |
|
Never |
22 |
31.3 |
Based
on data on work accidents in Bali International Hospital construction workers
from 70 respondents, as many as 48 (68.7%) people have experienced work
accidents, while those who have never experienced work accidents are 22 (31.3%)
people.
Overview of Predisposition Factors in Workers
Based on the results of
the research that has been carried out, the results of predisposing factors in
construction workers at Bali International Hospital were obtained. The
predisposing factors of workers measured in this research are age, working
period, and education of workers. For more details, please see Table 2.
Table 2. Overview of Predisposition Factors in Workers
|
Predisposition Factors |
n |
% |
Min |
Max |
Mean |
|
Age |
|
|
17 |
59 |
32 |
|
≤ 40 Years |
55 |
78.6 |
|
|
|
|
> 40 |
15 |
21.4 |
|
|
|
|
Working Period |
|
|
1 |
44 |
12 |
|
< 6 years |
27 |
38.5 |
|
|
|
|
6-10
years |
15 |
21.5 |
|
|
|
|
> 10 years |
28 |
40 |
|
|
|
|
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SD |
11 |
15.7 |
|
|
|
|
Junior/Senior
High School |
23 |
32.9 |
|
|
|
|
Vocational
School |
35 |
50 |
|
|
|
|
S1/D3 |
1 |
1.4 |
|
|
|
Based on data from research results from construction workers at
Bali International Hospital, workers' age is classified into 2 categories,
namely ≤ 40 years old and > 40 years old. Based on table 2 regarding
predisposition factors, it can be seen that the most age range in workers is in
the category ≤ 40 years old, as many as 55 (78.6%) people. The youngest
respondents in this research were 17 years old, and the oldest was 59 years
old, while the average age of the respondents was 32 years old. Furthermore,
for the working period that has been taken by the respondents during their
first time working as a construction worker, it is known that the working
period of the respondents is dominated by workers with a working period of
>10 years, namely 28 (40%) people out of a total of 70 respondents. The
shortest working period that has been carried out by the respondents is for 1
year, and the longest working period is for 44 years, while the average working
period of the respondents is for 12 years. Based on the formal education
background of the respondents from 70 research respondents, it was found that
the education level was dominated by high school/vocational school graduates,
which was as many as 35 (50%) people. The lowest education graduates in this research
were from elementary school as many as 11 (15.7%) people, while the highest
education graduates were S1/D3 as many as 1 (1.4%) people.
Overview of the Availability of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) for Workers
In this research, a research was conducted on the availability of
PPE provided by the company. Data on the availability of PPE for construction
workers at Bali International Hospital was obtained by distributing
questionnaires to workers. For more details, please see Table 3.
Table 3. Overview of the Availability of Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) for Workers
Based
on the data from table 3 above, describing the availability of PPE for construction
workers at Bali International Hospital, there are 2 categories in describing
the level of PPE availability, which is complete and incomplete. Of the total
70 respondents, 20 (28.6%) were complete with PPE and 50 (71.4%) were
incomplete with PPE.
Compliance with the Use of Safety Helmets and Safety Shoes for
Workers
Compliance
with the use of safety helmets and safety shoes referred to in this research is
workers who are compliant in using safety helmets and safety shoes consistently
while in the project area. For clearer data results, see table 4.
Table 4. Compliance with the Use of Safety Helmets and Safety
Shoes for Workers
|
Types of PPE |
Compliant (n) |
Proportion (%) |
Non-Compliance
(n) |
Proportion (%) |
|
Safety
Helmet |
32 |
45.7 |
38 |
54.3 |
|
Safety Shoes |
64 |
91.4 |
6 |
8.6 |
Based
on the data from the research, it can be seen that 38 (54.3%) people are
non-compliant in the use of PPE (Safety Helmet) at Bali International Hospital,
while 32 (45.7%) respondents are compliant in the use of PPE (Safety Helmet).
Meanwhile, 6 (8.6%) respondents at Bali International Hospital Construction did
not comply with the use of PPE (Safety Shoes), while 64 (91.4%) respondents did
not comply with the use of PPE (Safety Shoes).
The Relationship between the Use of PPE and the Incidence of Work
Accidents in Workers
The Relationship between the Use of PPE (Safety
Helmet) and the Incidence of Work Accidents in Workers
Based on data obtained
from the research of the relationship between compliance with the use of safety
helmets and the occurrence of work accidents in Bali International Hospital
construction workers, it can be seen in table 5.
Table 5. Cross-tabulation between the Use of PPE (Safety Helmet)
and the Incidence of Work
Accidents in Workers
|
Occurrence of
Work Accidents |
Total |
P |
||||
|
Ever |
Never |
|||||
|
Frequency (n) |
Proportion (%) |
Frequency (n) |
Proportion (%) |
|||
|
Non-Compliance |
31 |
44,3 |
7 |
10 |
38 |
0,11 |
|
Obedient |
17 |
24,3 |
15 |
21,4 |
32 |
|
|
Total |
48 |
68,6 |
22 |
31,4 |
70 |
|
Based on table 5. It can be seen
that 38 respondents who did not comply with PPE (safety helmet) there were 31
(44.3%) workers experienced work accidents and of the 32 respondents who
complied with PPE (safety helmet) there were 17 (24.3%) workers who experienced
work accidents. Meanwhile, of the 38 respondents who did not comply with PPE
(safety helmet), 7 people (10%) had never experienced a work accident and of
the 32 respondents who complied with using PPE (safety helmet), there were 15
(21.4%) workers who did not experience a work accident. Based on the results of
testing using the chi-square test, the compliance of the use of safety helmets
with the occurrence of work accidents shows that there is a relationship
between compliance with the use of safety helmets and the occurrence of work
accidents, because the result of ρ- value calculation is 0.011< 0.05.
The Relationship between the Use of PPE (Safety Shoes) and the
Incidence of Work Accidents in Workers
Based on data obtained
from the research of the relationship between compliance with the use of safety
helmets and the incidence of work accidents in Bali International Hospital
construction workers, it can be seen in table 6.
Table 6. Cross-tabulation between the Use of PPE (Safety Shoes)
and the Incidence of Work Accidents in Workers
|
Safety Shoes
Usage Compliance |
Occurrence of
Work Accidents |
Total |
P |
|||
|
Ever |
Never |
|||||
|
Number (f) |
Proportion (%) |
Number (f) |
Proportion (%) |
|||
|
Non-Compliance |
4 |
5,7 |
2 |
2,9 |
6 |
0,916 |
|
Obedient |
44 |
62,9 |
20 |
28,6 |
64 |
|
|
Total |
48 |
68,6 |
22 |
31,4 |
70 |
|
Based
on table 6, it can be seen that of the 6 respondents who did not comply with
PPE (safety shoes), there were 4 (5.7%) workers who experienced work accidents
and of the 64 respondents who complied with PPE (safety shoes), there were 44
(24.3%) workers who experienced work accidents. Meanwhile, of the 6 respondents
who did not comply with the use of PPE (safety shoes), there were 2 (2.9%)
workers who had never experienced a work accident and of the 64 respondents who
complied with using PPE (safety shoes), there were 22 (31.4%) workers who did
not experience a work accident. The results of the test using the chi-square
test, the compliance of the use of safety shoes with the occurrence of work
accidents showed that there was no relationship between compliance with the use
of safety shoes and the occurrence of work accidents, because the ρ-value
result was 0.0916> 0.05.
Occurrence of Work Accidents in Workers
Based on the results of
research that has been carried out on 70 respondents who work at Konstruksi
Bali International Hospital, the highest proportion is in respondents who have
experienced work accidents, namely 48 (68.7%) people. This research is in line
with the results of respondents in Hasibuan's research (2020) that the highest
proportion is also in respondents who have experienced work accidents, which is
29 (72.5%) people. The types of work accidents experienced by construction
workers at Bali International Hospital can be seen in the following table 7.
Table 7. Occurrence of Work Accidents in Workers
|
Types of Work Accidents |
Frequency (n) |
Proportion (%) |
|
Bumped |
20 |
28.6 |
|
Fall |
6 |
8.6 |
|
Stuck |
11 |
15.7 |
|
Injured/Scratched |
9 |
12.9 |
|
Hit |
2 |
2.9 |
|
Total |
48 |
68.7 |
Based
on table 7. Above that the most dominating types of work accidents are the
types of work accidents that are hit, which are as many as 20 (28.6%) people.
The type of work accidents experienced by workers is caused by labor factors
motivated by a lack of compliance in using safety helmets. The impact or loss
of work accidents that will be experienced by workers is minor or severe
injuries. However, it did not cause death, because the type of work accident
experienced by the construction workers of Bali International Hospital was a
minor work accident or nearmiss.
Research conducted by (Barizqi, 2015)
on construction workers of PT. Adhi Karya Tbk Semarang Telogorego Semarang
Hospital Project shows that there are differences in the types of work
accidents. The development carried out by PT. Adhi Karya Tbk Semarang The
Telogorego Semarang Hospital Project also experienced work accidents such as
falling, being crushed/falling objects, being pinched, being hit by a hammer,
and being scratched. However, in the research, respondents experienced more
types of work accidents that were hit/fell objects, namely 14 (42.4%) people
who were negligent in using personal protective equipment in the form of safety
helmets.
Predisposing Factors in Workers
The predisposing factors
analyzed in this research were the age of the worker, the length of service,
and the level of education. Based on the results of the analysis of age
predisposing factors carried out on construction workers at Bali International
Hospital, it is known that the average age is 32 years. In table 5. Regarding
the predisposing factors of workers, it can be seen that in this research, the
age of the rependency is more dominant ≤ 40 years old, which is as many
as 55 (78.5%) people. This is in line with research conducted by (Abidah & Hasan, 2023) respondents in the research also stated that there were more in
the young age category ≤ 40 years, which was as many as 62 (84%) people.
According to the (Jeje et al., 1998), the incidence of work accidents is influenced by several
factors, one of which is the age factor.
The working period in
this research was calculated when the respondents first worked as a
construction worker until this research was conducted. The average working
period in 70 respondents in this research was 12 years. Based on the results of
the research that has been conducted, the most dominant category of working
period in experiencing work accidents is in the category of < 6 years as
many as 19 (39.6%) people. This is in accordance with the research of Chelsia R
et al (2019) on ship construction workers who often experience work accidents,
namely as many as 34 (95%) people who have a working period of > 10 years.
Therefore, it can be concluded that a worker who has a longer working period
has more experience and will affect the behavior of workers at work.
The level of education
is a variable in this research showing the level of formal education that has
been taken by the respondents. The level of education can affect a person's
behavior and work. Based on the results of the research, the level of education
that most often experienced work accidents was in low education, namely not in
junior high school as many as 23 (47.9%). This is in line with the research
with the research of (Kartini et al., 2023), namely the education level of research respondents who often
experience work accidents, namely junior high school workers as many as 16
(54%) people. The higher a person's education, the higher the knowledge of the
benefits of using personal protective equipment to prevent work accidents and
can affect attitudes at work (Suhardi, 2021).
Availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Workers
The availability of
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) analyzed in this research includes the
availability of safety helmets, safety glasses, earplugs, safety vests, gloves
and safety shoes as well as routine checks on the feasibility of PPE and
replacement of PPE that has been damaged by the company. It can be seen in
table 5. regarding the availability of PPE, the proportion of workers with the
availability of PPE is dominated by workers who are not equipped with PPE,
which is 50 (71.4%). Based on the results of respondents in the research in the
project, there are still many workers who have not received complete PPE to
work. This is due to the difference in the type of work so that there is no
need for other PPE, and neither the PPE needed from the foreman or the
subcontracted company has been distributed to the workers. If the distribution
of PPE is not distributed properly, there is a high probability of an increase
in work accidents, because the use of complete PPE can reduce the incidence of
work accidents. The results of this research are not in line with the results
of research by Rahman (2018), namely the availability of PPE in Manhole project
workers, that the availability of PPE to workers is relatively complete, namely
as many as 48 (66.7%) people, but there are still obstacles in distributing PPE
from the head office to the project so that it becomes an obstacle to get to
the project.
Compliance with the Use of PPE (Safety Helmet and Safety Shoes) on
Workers
The compliance with the
use of PPE analyzed in this research is compliance in the use of safety helmets
and safety shoes. Based on the results of the research on compliance with the
use of PPE from 70 research respondents, it was found that the level of
compliance with the use of PPE in safety shoes was higher than the level of
compliance with the use of PPE in safety helmets. This is because construction
workers feel uncomfortable when using PPE when working. Data from the research
results regarding compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment can
be seen in the following table 8.
Table 8. Compliance with the Use of PPE (Safety Helmet and Safety
Shoes)
|
Types of PPE |
Compliant (n) |
Proportion (%) |
Non-Compliance
(n) |
Proportion (%) |
|
Safety Helmet |
32 |
45.7 |
38 |
54.3 |
|
Safety Shoes |
64 |
91.4 |
6 |
8.6 |
The results of the research are presented in table 8. showed that
of the 70 construction workers, 38 (54.3%) workers did not comply in using
safety helmets. Meanwhile, 6 (8.6%) workers did not comply with the use of
safety shoes. Research conducted by (Barizqi, 2015) on house builders at Telogorejo Hospital Semarang found that 59
(90.8%) non-compliant respondents used safety helmets, but there were different
results in the level of compliance with the use of safety shoes, which was 55
(84.6%). Most workers are not compliant in using PPE when working on projects.
Various reasons expressed by workers include feeling uncomfortable in using PPE
while working. Compliance in using PPE has an important role in promoting
safety in the workplace and can reduce the incidence of work accidents.
The Relationship between PPE use Compliance and the Incidence of
Work Accidents in Workers
The Relationship between Compliance with the Use
of PPE (Safety Helmet) and the Incidence of Work Accidents
Safety Helmet or safety helmet is
one of the safety tools used by workers to protect their heads from impacts or
falling objects. The Safety Helmet is a mandatory safety tool to be used when
entering the project area. Based on the results of the hypnosis test using the
chi-square test, it is known that there is a relationship between compliance
with the use of PPE in the form of a safety helmet and the incidence of work
accidents in construction workers at Bali International Hospital Sanur by PT.
PP (Persero) Tbk, obtained a value of p = 0.011. This research's results align
with the research conducted by (Barizqi, 2015)
on construction workers of PT. Adhi Karya Tbk in the Telogorejo Hospital
Semarang Project, the research stated that there was a relationship between the
use of safety helmets and the incidence of work accidents (p = 0.011). This
research is in line with (Saraswati, 2021)
research on construction workers of PT. Adhi Persada Building in the MTH 27
Project that there is a relationship between compliance with the use of
personal protective equipment in the form of helmets and work accidents.
In this research, it can be
concluded that some still do not use personal protective equipment in the form
of helmets. Helmets are a useful head protection devices to protect the head
from the impact of objects and maybe hit by materials that can hit the head.
The rules that have been set by the company in the use of PPE in the project
area are very clear and detailed that workers are required to use PPE in the
form of safety helmets when entering the project area. However, there are still
many workers who do not wear safety helmets when resting in the project area.
Based on research, many construction workers do not wear safety helmets while
resting even though they are in the project area because they think that the
area where they work is safe from danger. In fact, in the area, there is a
tower crane that is operating in transporting heavy materials and there is
scaffolding used by other workers. Workers feel safe even though there is a
physical danger of falling materials from above in the project area. In
addition, some workers do not use safety helmets per established procedures,
such as not using safety helmets properly and correctly, namely, not attaching
the chin straps. This has the potential for danger, namely that the safety
helmet will easily come off while working because it is not used properly.
The Relationship between the Use of PPE (Safety
Shoes) and the Incidence of Work Accidents in Workers
Safety Shoes or safety shoes are one
of the personal safety devices used to protect the feet. Safety shoes used by
workers have a very hard toe and a thick sole with the aim that the feet of the
workers are protected from heavy materials that can fall on the feet of workers
and objects that can injure the feet of workers. Based on the results of
hypothesis testing using the chi-square test, it is known that there is no
relationship between compliance with the use of PPE in the form of safety shoes
and the incidence of work accidents in construction workers at Bali
International Hospital Sanur by PT. PP (Persero) Tbk, with a value of p =
0.916. This result is in line with the research of (Derosari, 2020)
on workers of the State University of Malang lecture building construction
project, that there is no relationship between the use of PPE and work
accidents (0.684).
It can be concluded that this research
is dominated by workers who are obedient in using safety shoes so as to avoid
work accidents. The use of safety shoes at work has become a habit factor and
does not feel disturbed at work; workers feel comfortable when using safety
shoes which function to minimize the risk of work accidents that can occur at
any time. Workers who are compliant with using PPE will always behave safely to
work so that they can reduce the number of work accidents.
CONCLUSION
Based
on the results of research and discussion regarding the relationship between
compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) with the
incidence of work accidents in construction workers at Bali International
Hospital Sanur conducted by PT PP (Persero) Tbk, several conclusions can be
drawn. First, 48 workers experienced work accidents, while 22 workers never
experienced the incident. The most common type of accident found in this
research was accidents due to collisions. Second, there is a significant
relationship between compliance with the use of safety helmets and the
incidence of work accidents among workers in the construction sector at Bali
Sanur International Hospital, as indicated by a p-value of 0.11. However, there
is no relationship between compliance with the use of safety shoes and the
incidence of work accidents, as indicated by a p-value of 0.916. In terms of
advice, it is recommended that construction workers increase compliance with
the use of safety helmets and safety shoes in accordance with the standard
operating procedures set by the company to minimize the occurrence of work
accidents. Workers should also remind each other to consistently use safety helmets
and safety shoes at the work site. For PT PP (Persero) Tbk, it is recommended
to increase supervision regarding the use of PPE by workers while in the
project area and provide stricter sanctions for workers who do not comply. The
company must also ensure the availability of adequate PPE for all workers. This
research makes an important contribution to efforts to improve work safety in
the construction sector, especially through increasing compliance with the use
of PPE. In addition, further research can examine the effectiveness of
interventions implemented by companies in increasing workers' compliance with
the use of PPE and reducing the incidence of work accidents.
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