Vika Fransisca

Page 2683

Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health

Volume 3, No. 12 December 2024

Volume 3, No. 12 December 2024 - (2683-2690)

p-ISSN 2980-4868 | e-ISSN 2980-4841

https://ajesh.ph/index.php/gp

Environmental Management in Coal Mining Companies Utilizing

Wooden Pallet Waste with Wood Chipper Machines for Hydrocarbon

Spill Absorbent in Maintenance Activities

R. Dananjaya1*, A. Weldam2, A. Biopatra3

PT AMM Site Mifa Bersaudara, Indonesia

Emails: rahmad.danan@amm.id1, alfons.weldam@amm.id2, anjasmara.biopatra@amm.id3

ABSTRACT

Wooden pallets often accumulate as waste, potentially causing environmental problems such as pest

infestation, soil and water pollution, and large-scale waste accumulation. Efficient waste management

methods such as recycling are needed to reduce these impacts, especially in industrial environments. This

study aims to explore the potential utilization of wood pallet waste as a hydrocarbon spill sorbent through

processing with wood cutting machines at PT AMM Jobsite Mifa Bersaudara. This research involves the

collection and processing of wood pallet waste using a wood chipper machine. The process includes

sorting, cleaning, crushing, and packaging wood waste into powder. The tools and materials used are

wood pallet shredder, hammer, crowbar, and personal protective equipment. This research follows a

systematic flow from problem identification to evaluation and analysis of results. Results of the study

showed that the application of wood pallet shredder machine significantly reduced the volume of wood

pallet waste. From January to May 2024, the unutilized waste accumulated to 4.67 tons. After introducing

the shredding process in June and July 2024, waste utilization increased, achieving an 80% reduction in

solid waste. The processed wood powder was effectively used to absorb hydrocarbon spills, optimize

resource use, and reduce disposal costs. This research has implications for the feasibility of converting

industrial wood waste into useful products, contributing to environmental conservation and cost

efficiency. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable waste management practices in reducing the

environmental footprint of industrial activities while fostering employee awareness on environmental

protection.

Keywords: Waste Wood Pallets, Recycling, Wood Cutting Machine, Hydrocarbon Spill Absorbent,

Industrial Waste Management.

INTRODUCTION

Waste wooden pallets, although made from natural materials, can have a negative impact

on the environment if not managed properly, such as pest nests, soil and water pollution and

accumulation of waste in large volumes (Zhang et al., 2024). Reducing the impact of waste can

generally be managed with the 3R approach, namely Reuse, Recycle and Reduce (Wahyudin et

R. Dananjaya, A. Weldam, A. Biopatra

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al., 2020). Of the 3R principles, the method that is considered quite effective in reducing the

impact of wood waste is the recycle method (Monalisa et al., 2024). Reuse has the meaning of

creating and innovating to realize appropriate goods according to needs.

Companies understand the importance of managing the environmental impacts of their

business activities so that they can dedicate efforts to preserve the environment to maximize

added value for stakeholders and the environment (Oktariyani, 2024). Environmental issues,

especially the waste factor, are often forgotten by some companies in the implementation of

social and environmental responsibility. Even though the company's environmental problems can

have a positive effect on several other aspects for the welfare of the local community (Riyanti &

Raharjo, 2021).

Waste is waste generated from a production process, both industrial and domestic (Faizah

et al., 2022). Waste management should be in accordance with the type or characteristics of the

waste so that the results are optimal, for example, waste that is easily decomposed needs special

handling so as not to pollute the environment (Wijaya & Mustaqim, 2021). According to (Kahfi

& Hartanto, 2021) waste derived from wooden pallets can be reused and recycled which is

environmentally friendly and has a minimal carbon footprint. The wood pallet waste owned by

PT AMM comes from the remaining packaging of goods to make the position stable when the

goods are moved. At this time, efforts are made to handle the waste by dismantling and sorting

the feasibility level of wood.

Containerized wood pallets are made from wood materials that have a lot of potential to

be upcycled. This is one of the sustainable efforts in conserving natural resources and balancing

the ecosystem (Savitri et al., 2021). According to (Loppies et al., 2022) the benefits of wood waste

can be in the form of planting media and other benefits such as fertilizer, sawdust briquettes,

mixed materials for making particleboard, spill kits (absorbing hazardous waste spills) and

renewable fuels (biomass). Based on the potential of used pallet wood that can still be utilized,

the SHE team of PT AMM Site Mifa Bersaudara tries to utilize wooden pallets as an

implementation of reducing the amount of non-B3 solid waste generation.

This study offers a novel approach to waste management by not only recycling wooden

pallet waste but also integrating it into the company's operational hazard mitigation processes.

The innovation lies in the utilization of a wood chipper machine to convert wooden pallet waste

into absorbent powder, which is then used for hydrocarbon spill management in the

maintenance workshop area. Unlike conventional recycling efforts, this approach directly

addresses two critical issues simultaneously: waste reduction and the need for sustainable spill

mitigation materials. This dual-purpose solution sets a new precedent for environmental

management practices in industrial settings, particularly in coal mining companies where waste

accumulation and hydrocarbon spill risks are prevalent. Additionally, the study emphasizes an

internalized waste management system that minimizes dependence on external waste

Environmental Management in Coal Mining Companies Utilizing Wooden Pallet Waste with Wood

Chipper Machines for Hydrocarbon Spill Absorbent in Maintenance Activities

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processors, thereby reducing logistical and financial burdens while promoting environmental

stewardship.

Based on the above background, the main objective of this research is to reduce the

accumulation of wood pallet waste through an effective recycling process while creating value-

added products that contribute to operational safety. So that the benefits in the implementation

of this research by utilizing wood pallet waste to produce absorbent materials, the company can

significantly reduce the volume of waste sent to landfills, thus saving storage space and lowering

disposal costs. In addition, this initiative also supports the company's commitment to

environmental conservation by promoting a circular economy and reducing dependence on new

raw materials.

RESEARCH METHOD

The concept of utilizing wood pallet waste is as follows, used pallets that are no longer

used, are sent to PT Mifa's landfill / Kebling, then processed and utilized using a wood chopping

machine, with the final result in the form of powder and used as an absorbent or handling B3

spills. The materials and tools that need to be prepared are as follows:

1. Pallet wood crushing machine

2. Ring wrench, as a Daily Check and Inspection (P2H) tool on wood pallet crushing machine

3. Saw, as a cutting tool for used pallet wood

4. Hammer and crowbar, as nail removal tools

5. Sack for sawdust container

6. PPE for waste treatment operators (helmet, goggles, gloves, ear plugs)

The steps of this research are first to identify problems, analyze the impact of problems,

set goals, analyze the cause and effect of the root of the problem, determine solutions, make

improvement plans, prepare the resources needed, implement plans and measure data, evaluate

and analyze the achievement of goals.

Figure 1. Flowchart of wood pallet waste processing.

R. Dananjaya, A. Weldam, A. Biopatra

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This activity starts from the stage of collecting wood pallet waste from the partners to PT

AMM site Mifa Bersaudara; determining the tools to be used for recycling; selecting the

appropriate wood pallet raw materials and the final process is the packaging of processed used

wood pallets that have become powder, which are then used as follows.

Table 1. PT AMM Jobsite Mifa Bersaudara wood pallet solid waste processing activities

No.

Activities

Implementation

Documentation

Sorting of Used

Wooden Pallets

Sorting is done by

determining the type of

wood that is suitable, still

in good condition, not

much contaminant

Cleaning from

contaminants

Wooden pallets that still

have nails or other

contamination are

cleaned.

Wood Crushing Process

Wood that has been

separated from

contaminants, the size has

also been adjusted to the

inlet, one by one is inserted

into the machine for

chopping.

Finishing

The wood chips that come

out of the hole/outlet of

the machine are collected

using sacks and are ready

to be distributed to the

relevant departments.

Environmental Management in Coal Mining Companies Utilizing Wooden Pallet Waste with Wood

Chipper Machines for Hydrocarbon Spill Absorbent in Maintenance Activities

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This research shows significant results in the utilization of pallet wood waste at PT AMM

Jobsite Mifa Bersaudara, which can be seen in the following figure:

Figure 2. Waste wood pallet generation

Figure 3. Utilization of wood pallet waste

Figure 2 shows the accumulated data of incoming (In) and outgoing (Out) pallet wood waste

from January to May 2024, where it can be seen that there is no waste utilization (Out) during

the period. Figure 3 displays the pallet wood waste utilization graph from January to July 2024.

In June and July, following the procurement of the pallet wood shredder, there was a significant

increase in waste utilization (Out), with the amount reaching 2.0 tons in June and 2.6 tons in July,

demonstrating the effectiveness of the machine in reducing the volume of pallet wood waste.

Table 2. Accumulation of wood pallet solid waste in January - July 2024

No.

Month

Amount of Solid Waste

Used Wooden Pallets

Out

January

0.92

0.0

February

0.60

0.0

March

1.20

0.0

April

0.85

0.0

May

1.10

0.0

June

0.42

2.0

July

0.37

2.6

In January to May 2024, the unutilized waste wood pallet generation was 4.67 tons. In June

and July 2024, improvements were made by procuring a pallet wood shredding machine as an

advanced processor of pallet wood waste with a wood shredding machine capacity of 200-250

kg, showing that used pallets can be processed into wood powder. It can be seen from the graph

that there is an increase in the number of utilization of wood pallet waste in June and July 2024,

the amount of utilization is influenced by the utilization of wood pallet waste into powder using

a pallet shredder. The graph above can be interpreted that with an average monthly amount of

wood pallet waste generation of 0.78 tons / month, with a machine capacity of 0.2-0.25 tons /

R. Dananjaya, A. Weldam, A. Biopatra

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Volume 3, No. 12 December 2024

hour, the generation of solid waste can be resolved. The reduction in solid waste (pallets) can be

calculated at 80%.

The utilization of pallet wood waste as a hydrocarbon spill absorbent powder at PT AMM

Jobsite Mifa Bersaudara shows significant results in industrial waste management. This process

is supported by previous studies which state that pallet wood waste has great potential to be

processed into environmentally friendly products, such as planting media, briquettes, and

absorbent materials (Syafiisab, 2014); (Fatriasari & Hermiati, 2016). This research confirms the

importance of the waste recycling approach to reduce environmental impacts and support the

conservation of natural resources through the utilization of existing materials.

Technically, this study used a pallet wood shredder to process the waste into reusable

powder. The use of this technology is also in line with the findings of (Setyati et al., 2016), which

emphasize that simple technologies such as shredders can produce value-added products from

wood waste. In the context of this research, the innovative use of sawdust as a hydrocarbon

sorbent provides a practical solution to the needs of the industry while reducing operational

costs, as observed by the 80% reduction in waste volume after the implementation of the

machine.

From a sustainability perspective, this utilization of wood waste also supports the concept

of a circular economy, where waste is not only reduced but also converted into new resources

(Yuniar et al., 2024). The study (Al Ariyah et al., 2023) noted that recycling-based approaches

make a major contribution to environmental conservation while creating economic value. This is

relevant to the results of this study which show that in addition to reducing waste disposal costs,

the company is also able to produce useful materials for its operations (Rashidi et al., 2024).

In addition, this research also has a positive impact on environmental awareness among

employees (Lupoae et al., 2025). According to (Musthofa, 2019), environmental management

initiatives that involve employee participation can increase collective awareness of the

importance of social and environmental responsibility. In this study, employee involvement in

the internal waste management process not only creates operational efficiency but also

strengthens the company's environmentally conscious culture.

CONCLUSION

Utilization of wood pallet waste using a wood shredder into powder can reduce the

generation of wood pallet waste. In addition to reducing disposal costs, internal processing of

wood pallet waste can reduce the need for storage space and the frequency of transporting

waste, thereby lowering company expenses for waste disposal to landfills. Optimizing resource

use, treated wood pallet waste can be reused as raw material for other products, minimizing the

use of new resources. Through the internal waste treatment program, the company can foster

employee awareness of the importance of protecting the environment.

Environmental Management in Coal Mining Companies Utilizing Wooden Pallet Waste with Wood

Chipper Machines for Hydrocarbon Spill Absorbent in Maintenance Activities

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In the future, this research provides a foundation for developing advanced waste

management systems in industrial settings. The method of processing wooden pallet waste into

absorbent powder can be expanded to include other types of waste, such as plastic or mixed solid

waste, which may also have potential for reuse in various industrial applications. Furthermore,

the findings can be used as a reference for other industries to adopt similar approaches, fostering

a broader movement toward sustainable and circular waste management practices.

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