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Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health
Volume 4, No. 1 January 2025
Volume 4, No. 1 January 2025 - (83-92)
p-ISSN 2980-4868 | e-ISSN 2980-4841
https://ajesh.ph/index.php/gp
Road Condition Analysis Using the Bina Marga Method on the Kaligunting-
Bajulan Section, Madiun District
Salman At Taufan1*, Risma Marleno2, Wateno Oetomo3
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia
Emails: ovanblue1@gmail.com1, rismamar@untag-sby.ac.id2, wateno@untag-sby.ac.id3
ABSTRACT
Land transportation plays a vital role in supporting mobility and economic growth. Good road
infrastructure facilitates the distribution of goods, improves accessibility, and promotes economic
efficiency. However, road conditions often deteriorate due to excessive vehicle loads and extreme
weather, necessitating periodic evaluation and maintenance. This research aimed to evaluate the
condition of the Kaligunting-Bajulan road section in Madiun Regency, a critical route for regional
connectivity and economic activities, and to develop effective repair strategies using the Bina Marga
method. Through a visual survey, the research identified significant damage, including potholes,
longitudinal cracks, and rutting, primarily caused by traffic volumes exceeding the road's design capacity.
The research provided repair recommendations, such as sealing, patching, and repaving, to prevent
further damage and restore optimal road functionality. The estimated repair cost amounts to Rp
2,761,123,884, covering the necessary materials, labor, and equipment. This research highlights the
advantages of the Bina Marga method in prioritizing repairs and efficiently allocating budgets based on
the severity of road damage. Additionally, the findings emphasize the importance of regular assessments
and preventive maintenance to prolong road service life and reduce future repair costs. The research
offers valuable insights for planning maintenance strategies for other provincial roads in Indonesia,
particularly those with similar traffic conditions and damage patterns. The implementation of this method
ensures a more structured and sustainable approach to road infrastructure management.
Keywords: Bina Marga Method, Kaligunting-Bajulan, Maintenance, Road, Road Damage.
INTRODUCTION
Land transportation has a crucial role in supporting economic activity and community
mobility (Adey, 2017). Roads as one of the transportation infrastructures are the backbone for
the distribution of goods and services in various regions. However, as vehicle volumes and traffic
loads increase, many roads are deteriorating and require immediate repair (Dwiani et al., 2024).
Therefore, an effective method of assessing road conditions is needed to ensure the quality and
longevity of the road.
The Bina Marga method is one of the most frequently used approaches in Indonesia to
evaluate road conditions and determine appropriate maintenance strategies. It allows for a visual
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assessment of the type and extent of damage, providing a comprehensive picture of the actual
condition of the pavement (Rahmanto, 2016). The assessment process involves a field survey that
documents various forms of damage such as cracks, potholes, and surface deformations.
In practice, the Bina Marga Method classifies road defects based on their severity and the
extent of the affected area. Minor damage may only require simple patching, while severe
damage requires total rehabilitation or reconstruction (Anugrah, 2021). This evaluation allows
the government and related parties to prioritize treatments and allocate budgets effectively.
The Kaligunting-Bajulan road section in Madiun Regency is one such case where the Bina
Marga Method was used to evaluate the road condition. This road suffers from various types of
damage, ranging from potholes to alligator cracks, caused by high traffic volumes and the
dominance of heavy vehicles (Radityasaka, 2021). Through a survey using the Bina Marga
Method, critical areas that require immediate repair can be identified.
The advantages of the Bina Marga Method lie in its ease of implementation and the
accuracy of the results generated from the visual evaluation. In addition, the method allows early
identification of potential defects that could develop into larger problems if not addressed
immediately (Tho’atin et al., 2016). This allows road managers to perform preventive
maintenance, which is more cost-effective than repairs after severe damage has occurred.
However, the Bina Marga Method also has limitations, especially in terms of data accuracy on
roads with non-uniform surface conditions. Therefore, it is often necessary to combine it with
other methods such as Pavement Condition Index (PCI) or Surface Distress Index (SDI) to obtain
more comprehensive results (Salsabilla et al., 2020).
The application of the Bina Marga Method is also in accordance with the Indonesian Road
Capacity Guidelines published by the Directorate General of Highways (Marga, 2023). These
guidelines establish road condition assessment standards that must be followed by each relevant
agency in conducting road surveys and repairs. In these guidelines, the Bina Marga Method is
recommended to be used periodically as part of routine and periodic maintenance programs. In
addition, (Anugerah, 2019) highlights the importance of this method in road condition
assessment in rural areas that often have limitations in terms of accessibility and budget. The
Bina Marga method allows for quick and practical evaluation so that interventions can be made
early.
Research by (Firmanda et al., 2022) also showed that the Bina Marga Method can be
combined with a value engineering approach in planning road drainage systems. Thus,
maintenance does not only focus on the road surface but also other supporting factors such as
drains and under-road structures. On the other hand, (Hardiyatmo, 2016) emphasized that road
construction on subgrades with low bearing capacity requires more rigorous assessment
methods, such as the Bina Marga Method, which can provide an early picture of the road
condition before the damage is widespread.
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(Huang et al., 2020) added that surface deformation analysis can also be combined with
results from the Bina Marga Method to improve the reliability of pavement assessment. This
combination provides more accurate data on road durability and resilience. (Lafatza, 2020) in his
research on road maintenance strategies in Situbondo-Bajulmati also confirmed that the Bina
Marga Method is effective in identifying maintenance needs and estimating the required costs.
These estimates form the basis for planning the annual maintenance budget.
In addition, research by (Salsabilla et al., 2020) highlighted the role of the Bina Marga
Method in assessing road damage on Jl. Joyo Agung, Malang. The assessment results show that
most of the damage that occurs is cracks and potholes that can be addressed immediately
through patching and overlay. Road assessment using the Bina Marga Method is also supported
by government regulations contained in Government Regulation No. 34/2006 on Roads and
Government Regulation No. 22/2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation. Both regulations
stipulate the importance of periodic evaluation to maintain the safety and comfort of road users
(Indonesia, 2009). Thus, the Bina Marga Method is an effective solution in maintaining road
quality in Indonesia. Through systematic and structured assessments, defects can be identified
and addressed early, extending the service life of the road and improving the efficiency of the
maintenance budget.
This research offers novelty by developing a road condition evaluation approach based on
the Bina Marga Method combined with digital technology, such as drone-based imaging systems
and software-assisted data analysis. This innovation aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency
of identifying road damage, especially in areas with limited accessibility. Furthermore, this
research contributes to optimizing road maintenance strategies through the integration of a
value-based approach (value engineering), thereby supporting the efficiency of maintenance
budget allocation. This research not only emphasizes road damage evaluation but also considers
sustainability aspects, such as drainage management and its impact on long-term road quality.
Based on the background above, the purpose of this research is to develop a more accurate
and efficient road condition evaluation model by utilizing a combination of the Bina Marga
Method, digital technology, and a value-based approach. Additionally, this research aims to
identify key factors that influence road damage and provide effective maintenance
recommendations to extend road service life. The benefits of this research include providing
practical guidance for the government and stakeholders in designing more effective and efficient
road maintenance strategies. The findings of this research are expected to support data-driven
decision-making in road infrastructure management, reduce long-term maintenance costs, and
improve road user comfort and safety. Moreover, this research contributes to the development
of relevant road evaluation methods applicable to various geographical conditions in Indonesia.
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RESEARCH METHOD
Design
This research uses a quantitative approach with a field survey method to evaluate road
conditions using the Bina Marga Method. The research design was designed to provide a
comprehensive picture of the level of road deterioration through empirical data collection at the
research site. The survey was conducted directly on the Kaligunting-Bajulan road section, Madiun
Regency, which is the main focus of this analysis. This method allows the identification of various
types of road defects with high accuracy.
In addition to the field survey, the research also used documentation analysis from various
relevant sources such as road maintenance reports and technical guidelines published by the
Directorate General of Highways. Historical data on road conditions is also an important part of
supporting the research results. The use of secondary data aims to strengthen the observations
and ensure that the evaluation is comprehensive. The combination of the two approaches is
expected to provide accurate and reliable results in determining the level of road deterioration.
The survey results will be compared with the applicable standards in the Bina Marga Method to
identify the type of treatment required. In this way, the research is expected to produce targeted
recommendations to improve the damaged road sections.
Location and Time of
The location of this research is the Kaligunting-Bajulan road section, Madiun Regency,
which has a total length of 4.96 km. This road was chosen because it has a significant level of
damage and is an important route in supporting economic activities in the region. This research
was conducted for three months, starting in January to March 2024. The selection of this time
was adjusted to weather conditions that allowed for optimal survey implementation.
These roads consist of different pavement types, ranging from asphalt to concrete, which
provides variation in the assessment process. By choosing this location, the research was able to
cover a wide range of damage types commonly found on provincial roads in Indonesia. In
addition, the research also took into account the high traffic factor, which is one of the main
causes of road deterioration in these locations. Data collection was carried out in stages, starting
with segmenting the road into sections to facilitate damage identification. Each segment was
measured and analyzed separately to obtain more detailed and focused results. Using this
method, the research was able to provide a clear picture of the distribution of damage and the
type of repairs needed on each road segment.
Collection Technique
Data collection techniques in this research involved three main stages, namely field
observation, visual documentation and interviews with relevant parties. Field observations were
conducted by identifying and recording various forms of road defects directly at the research site.
Each defect was documented through photography and detailed note-taking to ensure no details
were missed.
Road Condition Analysis Using the Bina Marga Method on the Kaligunting-Bajulan Section, Madiun
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Visual documentation was used as supporting evidence in analyzing the type and extent of
damage. The photos taken were then further analyzed to identify the dominant damage patterns
in each road segment. This technique allows researchers to have a visual archive that can be used
as a reference in the data analysis stage. In addition, this documentation also facilitates the
verification process of the research results.
Interviews were conducted with the Madiun District Bina Marga Office and road experts
involved in maintaining the road section. The information obtained from these interviews
provided additional perspectives on the causes of the damage and the handling strategies that
had been carried out previously. By combining these three techniques, the research is expected
to produce valid and comprehensive data to support a comprehensive road condition analysis.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Existing Condition of Road Section
The field survey showed that the Kaligunting-Bajulan road section suffered significant
damage at various points. Longitudinal cracks and potholes are the most dominant types of
damage found along the road. Observations showed that 45.25% of the total road length had
potholes of various sizes. This indicates the need for immediate intervention to prevent further
damage.
In addition to potholes, there is also damage in the form of alligator cracks, which cover
about 5.25% of the total length of the road section. These cracks are mostly found on segments
that are often traveled by heavy vehicles with loads exceeding the design capacity of the road.
Surface deformation in the form of rutting is also seen in several segments with a percentage of
around 20.30%. This condition indicates that the load of passing vehicles exceeds the carrying
capacity of the existing pavement.
Other damage found was patching with a percentage of 25.73% spread across various
points of the road. These patches indicate that some previous repairs have been carried out, but
these repairs are temporary and do not solve the problem completely. The use of appropriate
treatment methods, such as overlay and reconstruction, is necessary to permanently address the
problem.
Table 1. Recapitulation of Damage Values
Segment
STA
Total Damage Value
Condition Value
1
000+000
-
000+100
14
5
2
000+100
-
000+200
13
5
3
000+200
-
000+300
12
4
4
000+300
-
000+400
9
2
5
000+400
-
000+500
7
2
6
000+500
-
000+600
4
1
7
000+600
-
000+700
4
1
8
000+700
-
000+800
12
4
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Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health
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Segment
STA
Total Damage Value
Condition Value
9
000+800
-
000+900
4
1
10
000+900
-
001+000
7
2
11
001+000
-
001+100
12
4
12
001+100
-
001+200
4
1
13
001+200
-
001+300
7
2
14
001+300
-
001+400
9
2
15
001+400
-
001+500
9
2
16
001+500
-
001+600
12
4
17
001+600
-
001+700
4
1
18
001+700
-
001+800
7
2
19
001+800
-
001+900
7
2
20
001+900
-
002+000
4
1
21
002+000
-
002+100
4
1
22
002+100
-
002+200
7
2
23
002+200
-
002+300
10
4
24
002+300
-
002+400
9
2
25
002+400
-
002+500
9
2
26
002+500
-
002+600
7
2
27
002+600
-
002+700
9
2
28
002+700
-
002+800
4
1
29
002+800
-
002+900
0
0
30
002+900
-
003+000
0
0
31
003+000
-
003+100
0
0
32
003+100
-
003+200
0
0
33
003+200
-
003+300
0
0
34
003+300
-
003+400
0
0
35
003+400
-
003+500
0
0
36
003+500
-
003+600
0
0
37
003+600
-
003+700
0
0
38
003+700
-
003+800
0
0
39
003+800
-
003+900
0
0
40
003+900
-
004+000
12
4
41
004+000
-
004+100
7
2
42
004+100
-
004+200
12
4
43
004+200
-
004+300
12
4
44
004+300
-
004+400
9
2
45
004+400
-
004+500
7
2
46
004+500
-
004+600
4
1
47
004+600
-
004+700
9
2
48
004+700
-
004+800
7
2
49
004+800
-
004+900
12
4
50
004+900
-
004+960
12
4
Table 1. shows a recapitulation of the damage values identified for each road segment. This
table provides a detailed overview of the distribution of damage and the types of repairs that
Road Condition Analysis Using the Bina Marga Method on the Kaligunting-Bajulan Section, Madiun
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have been carried out previously. By referring to this data, it is possible to identify priority
segments that require immediate attention using the Bina Marga Method.
Damage Evaluation Based on Bina Method
The evaluation of road defects was conducted using the Bina Marga Method which has
been widely applied in Indonesia (Mashudi et al., 2024). The visual survey showed that most of
the road defects were in the moderate to severe category. The evaluation results show that some
segments have conditional values close to critical limits, requiring immediate remedial action to
prevent further deterioration. This method allows early identification of the type and extent of
damage.
The Bina Marga method was used to determine the priority level of repairs based on the
severity of the damage. Potholes and longitudinal cracks are the main indicators in this
assessment. Road segments with the most severe damage are recommended to be treated first.
The results of this evaluation are then used as the basis for preparing the road maintenance and
rehabilitation budget.
In addition, this method also helps in identifying the most suitable type of repair for each
road segment. Segments with minor damage can be repaired using sealing and patching, while
segments with severe damage require overlays or full reconstruction. This approach allows for
efficiency in budget allocation and ensures that repairs are targeted.
Estimated Cost
Based on the evaluation results, the estimated cost of repairing the Kaligunting-Bajulan
road is Rp 2,761,123,884. This figure is calculated based on the extent of damage found on each
road segment and the type of repair required. Damage in the form of potholes and longitudinal
cracks costs the most because it requires reconstruction and overlay measures at several points.
This cost includes materials, labor, and heavy equipment used during the repair process.
The cost estimate also takes into account the type of materials used in the repair process.
Flexible pavement was the first choice for most segments as it was considered more economical
and suitable for the existing road conditions. However, for certain segments with severe
deterioration, rigid pavement was considered as a long-term solution.
The approach used in the cost calculation also considers the aspect of ongoing
maintenance. Routine maintenance costs such as sealing and patching are calculated separately
and allocated in the annual budget. Thus, in addition to the initial repair costs, there is also a
budget for preventive maintenance to prevent further damage in the future.
Discussion
The findings of this research reveal that the Kaligunting-Bajulan road section is in a severely
deteriorated condition, characterized predominantly by potholes, longitudinal cracks, and
surface deformations. These damages are primarily attributed to the high traffic volumes and the
excessive weight of heavy vehicles traversing the route daily. The visual assessment conducted
using the Bina Marga Method provided a comprehensive understanding of the distribution, type,
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and severity of damage. This approach was instrumental in identifying priority areas for repair
and categorizing them based on the urgency of intervention.
The Bina Marga Method proves to be an adaptable and practical tool in evaluating road
conditions, as it offers flexibility in determining the most suitable type of treatment for each
segment. This facilitates the efficient allocation of financial and technical resources by local
governments, ensuring that repair efforts are focused on the most critical sections first. By
addressing road defects in stages according to their severity, the implementation of this method
significantly reduces the risk of further deterioration and extends the functional lifespan of the
infrastructure.
The cost evaluation highlighted that substantial investments are required to restore the
road to optimal condition. However, the benefits associated with these improvements, including
enhanced road user comfort and increased efficiency in the transportation of goods and services,
outweigh the initial expenditure. The improved road conditions are anticipated to have a positive
ripple effect on the economic activities in Madiun Regency, fostering better regional connectivity
and economic growth. Additionally, this research underscores the strategic value of employing
the Bina Marga Method as a standard in road infrastructure management in Indonesia. Its
straightforward implementation and reliability make it a preferred choice for assessing road
conditions, particularly in regions where technical resources and time are constrained.
Furthermore, a comparative analysis between the Bina Marga and Pavement Condition
Index (PCI) methods reveals that these approaches are complementary rather than mutually
exclusive. While the Bina Marga Method is simpler and better suited for widespread application
in Indonesia, the PCI method offers a more detailed and structured analysis, especially for
projects requiring precision in damage quantification. The integration of both methods can
enhance the reliability and depth of road condition evaluations, enabling the formulation of more
effective maintenance strategies.
This research also highlights the importance of adopting preventive measures, such as
regular evaluations and maintenance, to mitigate further damage and reduce long-term costs.
Periodic assessments using the Bina Marga Method ensure that emerging issues are identified
and addressed promptly, thereby maintaining the safety and functionality of road infrastructure.
Moreover, enforcing load regulations for heavy vehicles and improving drainage systems are
critical complementary measures to sustain road quality and prevent recurrent damage
(Yunianta & Setiadji, 2022).
In conclusion, the findings of this research emphasize the necessity of a structured and
data-driven approach to road maintenance and management. The adoption of methods like Bina
Marga, coupled with complementary tools such as PCI, can serve as a robust framework for
addressing the growing demands of road infrastructure in Indonesia, ensuring sustainability and
economic efficiency in the long term.
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CONCLUSION
The conclusion of this research shows that the Bina Marga Method is an effective approach
to evaluate road conditions, as seen in the Kaligunting-Bajulan section of Madiun Regency. The
results of the field survey showed quite significant damage, namely 45.25% of roads had
potholes, 25.73% of roads were patched, and 20.30% of roads had potholes, so that immediate
treatment was needed to prevent further damage. The estimated repair cost of IDR
2,761,123,884 includes treatments such as asphalting, patching, and resurfacing, which not only
provide short-term solutions but also extend the life of the road, thereby reducing long-term
repair costs. The findings of this research highlight that the volume of heavy vehicles exceeding
the design capacity of the road is a major factor that accelerates pavement damage.
To address this issue, it is recommended to enforce vehicle load limits, conduct periodic
road evaluations using the Bina Marga Method, and consider integrating complementary
methods such as PCI and SDI for a more comprehensive analysis. Policy makers and road
managers are encouraged to adopt preventive measures and sustainable road maintenance
strategies to improve road safety, cost efficiency, and infrastructure resilience. These
recommendations can serve as a model for managing other provincial roads with similar traffic
conditions and damage patterns across Indonesia.
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