Volume 1, No. 3 December
2023 - (278-295)
p-ISSN 2980-4868 | e-ISSN 2980-4841
https://ajesh.ph/index.php/gp
SERVICE QUALITY OF SMK
TEACHING FACTORY PROGRAM
Bunyamin
Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Indonesia
Emails: bunyamin@uhamka.ac.id
ABSTRACT:
This research aims to analyze the service quality
of the Teaching Factory Program in Vocational High Schools (SMK). The Teaching
Factory Program is a learning approach that involves students in real-world
work situations by collaborating with related industries. The service quality
of the Teaching Factory Program in SMK is the main focus of this research. The
research method used was a survey using structured questionnaires distributed
to students, teachers, and industry stakeholders involved in the Teaching
Factory Program in SMK. The measured variables included important aspects of
service quality, such as communication, responsiveness, reliability, empathy,
and assurance. The results of the research show that the overall service
quality of the Teaching Factory Program in SMK is rated as satisfactory by the
respondents. However, there are areas that need improvement, such as enhancing
communication among students, teachers, and industry stakeholders, as well as
improving responsiveness to the needs of students and the industry. These
findings from the results of the calculations and discussion it is known that:
1) there is relationship: between the transformational leadership of school
principals and the service quality of the competitive teaching factory program
at SMK PK in DKI Jakarta. 2) there is a relationship between teacher
professionalism and the service quality of the competitive teaching factory
program for SMK PK in DKI Jakarta and 3) there is a relationship between the
transformational leadership of school principals and teacher professionalism
together with the service quality of the competitive teaching factory program
for SMK PK in DKI Jakarta.
Keywords: Service quality, SMK, Teaching Factory Program.
Article History
Received : 20 November 2022
Revised : 01 December 2022
Accepted : 10 December 2022
DOI :
10.xxxxx
INTRODUCTION
The
visible impact of world developments is rapidly accelerating all aspects. The
positive impact is that the opportunity to participate with foreign countries
is wide open. The negative impact is also felt when they cannot compete with
foreign nations, due to weak Human Resources (HR). The foundation of
Indonesia's shortage of human resources can be seen from the lack of expertise
and professional skills that exist in individuals. The strengthening efforts
carried out are by increasing the quality of the vocational education level
which allows it to create skilled and professional graduates so as to produce
superior human resources in accordance with the goals of SMK (Sari et al.,
2022).
Vocational
High School (SMK) is a type of education to educate the life of the nation,
which is always dynamic to keep up with the times according to the needs of the
job market. Various breakthrough programs have been carried out starting from link
and match, the policy of the Minister of Education and Culture which says that
SMK principals must be able to establish mini-industries in schools. The
principal of the SMK is similar to Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in the
company, has an effective leadership style, must continue to innovate in
building a value and apply it in business, does not continue to stick to
conventional methods, must inspire and motivate his students so that the role
of the principal in Vocational Schools must also be able to as befits an
entrepreneur.
Rrevitalization
of Vocational High Schools through Presidential Instruction Number 9 of 2016
concerning Revitalization of Vocational High Schools, Center of Excellent/CoE,
SMK Centers of Excellence, starting from the national level to the regions,
this aims to improve the quality of qualified SMK graduates. In line with the
program from the central government, the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta
encourages the acceleration of education starting from the inauguration of the
revitalization program in 2019, the issuance of Governor Regulation Number 32
of 2019 concerning Revitalization of Vocational High Schools, which aims to
improve linkages and compatibility between the implementation of vocational
secondary education in state SMKs and private Vocational Schools with business
or work practices carried out and developed by business actors in the business
world and the industrial world, which include organizing SMK revitalization,
cooperation, competency certification, curriculum, educators and education
staff, facilities and infrastructure, institutional management, SMK mentoring
private sector, the role of educators and financing. Furthermore, in supporting
the achievement of the program, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government issued
Governor Decree Number 199 of 2020 concerning the 2019-2022 Vocational High
School partnership working group.
Vocational
education has an important role in the effort to create a workforce that has
competencies that match the characteristics of the needs of the industrial
world. The learning process that emphasizes the mastery of specific
competencies requires an appropriate and appropriate learning model. The
teaching factory model is one of the solutions to prepare students to have
competencies that are in accordance with the competency needs of the industrial
world. Teaching factory learning developed can be integrated into production
units organized by schools (Nurtanto et al., 2017).Teaching factory is a
product-based learning model (goods/services) through school synergy with
industry to produce graduates who are competent according to industry needs.
Program
Teaching Factory in Vocational High
Schools (SMK) requires that material, and learning in each skill competency
must be adapted to the culture and standard competency requirements required by
the industry that become companions or partners of SMKs based on Government
Regulation No. 41 of 2015 concerning Human Resource Development (Sediana, 2022
). Teaching factory is needed in the implementation of good and mutually
beneficial cooperation between Vocational High Schools and the Business
World/Industry World/World of Work to support the achievement of an
industry-based teaching factory model learning development program (Nurhasanah
et al., 2022).
The
purpose of the teaching factory is: The goal of learning factory is to change
that and teach students more than what is in the book. Not only do students
practice the “soft skill,” in the Learning Factory, such as teamwork and
interpersonal communication skills, but also get the crucial hands on
experience an future job training. “Learning Factory participants learn how to
define a problem, build a prototype, write a business proposal, and make a
presentation about their solution. In the process, the students learn critical
skill, such as how to meet deadlines and expectations, build and work teams,
and use people’s varied talent Had lock et.al (2008)”
The
characteristics of schools that run teaching factories, namely the facilities
and infrastructure owned in a school are 60-70% used for production activities,
business activities carried out are only business and production operations,
and the income they have is different from the characteristics of schools that
carry out education-based production where 90% of owned facilities and
infrastructure are used for production activities, business processes are
carried out complete with business support and the income generated is able to
cover operational financing as well as investment (Triatmoko, 2009). According
to Lamancusa et.al (2008) the teaching factory has the following principles:
(1) A practice-based curriculum that balances analytical and theoretical
knowledge in manufacturing, design, business realities and professional skills.
(2) Each cooperation partner integrates the curriculum in learning. (3) Good
collaboration occurs between schools and industry. (4) There is cooperation
with other academic institutions, related government and industry.
The
success of implementing the teaching factory learning method in a simple way
can be seen from two main indicators including: (1) Utilities and
sustainability of equipment use (can be seen through the implementation of
block and continuous learning systems). (2) Integration of production processes
or services into teaching materials. To prove the achievement of these two
indicators, there are several aspects that must be considered by the
institution.
In the
Teaching Factory Implementation Manual (2017) there are several teaching
factory objectives that are classified as benefits for students and teachers,
as follows: 1) For Students: a). Preparing vocational graduates to be ready for
work and entrepreneurs. b) Help students choose a field of work that suits
their competence. c) Growing student creativity through learning by doing. d) Provide
skills needed in the world of work. e) Expanding the scope of recruitment
opportunities for SMK graduates. f) Helping vocational students in preparing
themselves to become workers, as well as helping to establish cooperation with
the actual world of work. g) Provide opportunities for vocational students to
practice their skills so they can make decisions about the career to choose. 2)
For Teachers: a) Provide opportunities for vocational teachers to broaden
instructional insights. b) Provide opportunities for vocational teachers to
build instructional bridges between learning in the classroom and the world of
work. c) Make learning more interesting and motivate students to learn.
Managers
of teaching factories, in this case school leaders, generally do not fully
understand the concept of teaching factories, so that the planning of teaching
factory models in vocational schools is not maximized, both in terms of the
number of expertise programs and their implementation. The teaching factory
planning has also not been well planned. The new implementation is based on
existing production units in schools and then continues with the teaching
factory model. Most of the curriculum used in the 2013 curriculum has not been
synchronized with the industrial curriculum. Most of the theoretical and
practical learning schedules still use the usual learning system, not yet using
the block system (Sudiyono, 2020).
The
service quality of the Teaching Factory program in Vocational High Schools is
still not optimal, marked by: 1. Dissatisfaction from both internal and
external customers, 2. Service delivery has not met customer expectations and
expectations. 3. Teachers are not yet skilled at using technology-based
learning media, 4. The attitude of teachers who lack empathy in providing
services and teachers and education staff do not respond to complaints from
students and DUDI.
The
results of previous research have been carried out in various contexts of
educational levels in several countries. For example, research conducted in
Poland proves that under conditions of increasingly fierce competition in the
education services market, organizations that do not want to lose their current
strong position in the market must provide good educational services (Ulewicz
et al., 2020). This is also done in North Africa (Rabicund & Steyn, 2014)
and China (Wei & Guangrui, 2022).
The
role of the school principal in accelerating and developing the teaching
factory model makes a distinct contribution to SMK. Transformational leadership
is a relatively new model in leadership studies. This leadership is considered
as the best model in explaining the characteristics of the leader. The concept
of transformational leadership integrates ideas developed in character, style
and contingency approaches. (Multazam, 2017) Transformational leadership has
the ability to bring enormous changes to individuals and organizations by:
improving the character of individuals in the organization or organizational
improvement, starting the process of creating innovation, reviewing the
structure, processes and values of the organization to make it better and more
relevant, in ways that are interesting and challenging for all parties
involved, and try to realize the goals of the organization which so far was considered
impossible to implement (Hutapea, 2016).
Transformational
leaders can understand the importance of basic and major changes in their lives
and work in achieving the desired results. Transformational leaders involve
subordinates together to make changes, or often called a form of empowerment.
Transformational leaders must be able to define, communicate and articulate an
organizational vision, and subordinates must accept and acknowledge the
leader's credibility. Transformational leaders must also have the ability to
align the vision of the future with subordinates, as well as elevate the needs
of subordinates at a higher level than what they need. The existence of
transformational leaders has a transforming effect both at the organizational
level and at the individual level.
Northouse
(2013) suggests transformational leadership is part of the new leadership
paradigm, which give more attention to the charismatic and affective elements
of leadership. The initial idea of the transformational leadership model was
developed by James McGregor Burns who applied it in a political context and
then into an organizational context by Bernard Bass in (Efendi, 2015)
emphasized that transformational leadership is defined as leadership that
involves change in the organization. People's attention to leadership in the
change process (management of change) begins to appear when people begin to realize
that the mechanistic approach that has been used to explain the phenomenon of
change often conflicts with people's assumptions that change actually makes the
workplace more humane.
In
formulating the change process, a humane transformational approach is usually
used, where a participatory work environment, opportunities to develop
personality, and openness are considered as the background conditions for the
process, but in practice, the change process is carried out relying on a
transactional approach. mechanistic and technical in nature, in which humans
tend to be seen as an economic entity ready to be manipulated using a system of
rewards and negative feedback, in order to achieve maximum economic benefits.
(Efendi, 2015)
There
are four things that need to be done so that transformational leadership can be
implemented, namely:First,idealize influence with fairly high ethical and moral
standards while developing and maintaining trust between leaders and followers
as the foundation. Second, inspiration that fosters motivation such as
challenges in assignments and work. Third, intellectual stimulation with the
aim of fostering creativity, especially creativity in solving problems and
achieving a great common goal. Fourth, individual consideration by realizing
that each follower has a unique existence and characteristics which also have
an impact on differences in treatment when performing coaching, because in
essence every individual needs self-actualization, self-esteem and the fulfillment
of various personal desires (Sallis, 2014).
The
pattern of transformational leadership in schools is a leadership pattern that
prioritizes giving opportunities and encouraging all elements in the school to
work on a noble value system, so that all elements in the school are willing
and without coercion, participate optimally in order to achieve school goals.
(Wahyuningdyah, 2015)
Another
factor affecting the service quality of the teaching factory program is the
professionalism of the teachers. Teachers are professionals in the field of
education and teaching. This refers to the National Education Law Number 20 of
2003 concerning the National Education System Article 1 Point 14. Knowledge and
expertise are forms of professional teacher work regulated by law including
knowledge and good communication between student teachers and can be carried
out effectively if have high knowledge, understand appropriate technology in
responding to current developments and challenges.
Teacher
professionalism must be achieved to the maximum and its potential as an
educator. Teacher professionalism is a teacher who can carry out his duties in
a professional manner, which has the characteristics of being an expert in the
field of teacher theory and practice. (Surya, 2010) Teacher professionalism is
a teacher who has special abilities and expertise in the field of teacher
training so that he is able to carry out his duties and functions as a teacher
(Zahroh, 2018). Teacher professionalism is the ability and skills of someone
who is declared competent in a particular field, where the person has mastered
work skills or expertise that is in line with the demands in his field of work
(Uno, 2016). So it can be concluded that teacher professionalism is the special
ability and expertise possessed by teachers in carrying out their teaching
profession duties as educators.
The
requirements for a teacher who can be said to be professionalism have several
characteristics (Zahroh, 2018) as follows: 1) intellectual or educational
abilities, 2) specialist knowledge, 3) good or communicable communication, 4)
code of ethics and 5) professional culture . An educator should have
commendable behavior or morals in order to be able to be a role model for
students so that with this morality an educator is able to control behavior and
attitudes when teaching so that there are no unwanted actions or attitudes when
teaching (Divine, 2020).
RESEARCH METHODS
This
research uses causal survey method with correlation analysis approach. Research
Locations in 73 State Vocational Schools in DKI Jakarta with a total population
of 750 ASN teachers. The sampling used was a simple random technique using the
Krecjie-Morgan table so that a sample of 254 teachers was obtained.
Research
purposes obtain empirical data and test the relationship:
1. Transformational leadership of school principals with the service
quality of the competitive teaching factory program at SMK PK in DKI Jakarta.
2. Teacher professionalism with the service quality of the
competitive teaching factory program at SMK PK in DKI Jakarta.
3. Principal transformational leadership and Teacher professionalism
together with the service quality of the competitive teaching factory program
at SMK PK in DKI Jakarta.
The
variable service quality of the teaching factory program has 4 dimensions,
namely responsiveness, assurance, reliability and empathy. Each indicator for
the responsiveness dimension is making continuous improvements and fast and
precise service. Guarantee indicators are trust from service providers,
knowledge or insight into products and courtesy towards consumers. Reliability
indicators are focused on customers and meet service performance measures. An
indicator of empathy is treating customers as partners and respecting others.
Transformational Leadership Variables are Idealized influenced, inspiration
motivation, Intelectual stimulation and individualized consideration. The
indicators of Idealized Influence are creating self-confidence, generating
respect and sharing risks. Indicators of inspiration motivation are generating
enthusiasm-optimism and providing challenges. Intellectual stimulation
indicators are able to translate productive performance and innovative
behaviors. Indicators of individualized consideration are attention to
individuals, achievement and support for teachers. The teacher professionalism
variable consists of the dimensions of mastery of competency standards,
material mastery, material development and sustainable professional
development. The indicators for each dimension are as follows: mastery of
competency standards has indicators: having basic competence in the teaching
field, being an optimal class manager, participating in shaping student
character and accepting assignments and responsibilities given by the
leadership. Indicators of mastery of the material are educational background
according to expertise, concepts and understanding of education and teaching,
attending education and training, workshops or other seminars. Material
development indicators are: the ability to make lesson plans, innovative
learning and IT-based learning. Professionalism on an ongoing basis with
indicators: participating and being active in professional organizations and
participating in community life.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A.
Data Description
From the results of data
collection in the field, the results were obtained Data description as follows:
Table 1
Description of Transformational Leadership
Statistics |
||
Transformational
leadership |
||
N |
Valid |
254 |
Missing |
0 |
|
Mean |
99,67 |
|
Median |
100,00 |
|
Mode |
97a |
|
Std. Deviation |
17,044 |
|
Variance |
290,498 |
|
Range |
80 |
|
Minimum |
60 |
|
Maximum |
140 |
|
Sum |
25317 |
|
a. Multiple modes exist. The
smallest value is shown |
Table 1 above shows that the mean
value for the transformational leadership variable has an average of 99.67;
median 100.00; mode 97; with a standard deviation of 17.044, and a variance of
290.498. The number of valid question items in the transformational leadership
instrument is 27 items with the maximum score for each question item being 5.
The distribution of the data when depicted in the form of a histogram is as
follows:
Figure 1
Transformational
Leadership Histogram Graph
Table 2
Description of
Teacher Professionalism
Statistics |
||
Teacher Professionalism |
||
N |
Valid |
254 |
Missing |
0 |
|
Mean |
91,74 |
|
Median |
92,00 |
|
Mode |
87a |
|
Std. Deviation |
14,077 |
|
Variance |
198,175 |
|
Range |
71 |
|
Minimum |
58 |
|
Maximum |
129 |
|
Sum |
23303 |
|
a. Multiple modes exist. The
smallest value is shown |
Table 2 above shows that the mean
value for the variable teacher professionalism has an average of 91.74; median
92.00; mode 87; with a standard deviation of 17.077, and a variance of 198.175.
The number of valid question items in the teacher professionalism instrument is
29 items with the maximum score for each question item being 5. The
distribution of the data when depicted in the form of a histogram is as
follows:
Figure 2
Teacher
Professionalism Histogram Graph
Table
3
Teaching Factory program
Statistics |
||
Teaching Factory Program
Service Quality |
||
N |
Valid |
254 |
Missing |
0 |
|
Mean |
106,41 |
|
Median |
106,00 |
|
Mode |
102a |
|
Std. Deviation |
14,186 |
|
Variance |
201,247 |
|
Range |
71 |
|
Minimum |
74 |
|
Maximum |
145 |
|
Sum |
27029 |
|
a. Multiple modes
exist. The smallest value is shown |
Table 3 above shows that the mean
value for the service quality variable of the Teaching Factory program has an
average of 106.41; median 106.00; mode 102; with a standard deviation of
14.186, and a variance of 201.247. The number of valid question items in the
Teaching Factory program service quality instrument is 28 items with the
maximum score for each question item being 5. The distribution of the data when
depicted in the form of a histogram is as follows:
Figure 3
Histogram
graph of the service quality of the Teaching Factory program
B.
Data analysis prerequisite
test
1.
Normality test
The normality test is intended to determine
whether the samples taken in the study are normally distributed or not.
Normality test is done byone sample
Kolmogorov-Smirnov transformational leadership and competitiveness
competencies are said to be normal if the residual values that
are normally distributed have a significance probability greater than 0.05.
Table 4
Normality Test
Results X3 atas X1
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Test |
||
|
Y tie X1 |
|
N |
254 |
|
Normal Parametersa,b |
Mean |
,0000000 |
Std. Deviation |
13,01995018 |
|
Most Extreme Differences |
Absolute |
,079 |
Positive |
,079 |
|
Negative |
-,049 |
|
Test Statistic |
,049 |
|
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) |
,200cd |
|
a. Test distribution is
Normal. |
||
b. Calculated from data. |
||
c. Lilliefors Significance
Correction. |
||
d. This is a lower bound of
the true significance. |
Based on the normality test table in
table 4 which was carried out using the SPSS 24 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
program, it can be seen that the Zcount value of this study is 0.079 with a
significance value of 0.049 greater than the significance level of 0.05. So it
can be concluded that all variables are normally distributed so that they meet
the requirements for the parametric statistical method of multiple linear
regression analysis.
Table 5
Normality Test
Results X3 over X2
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Test |
||
|
Yatas X2 |
|
N |
254 |
|
Normal Parametersa,b |
Mean |
,0000000 |
Std. Deviation |
13,44309506 |
|
Most Extreme Differences |
Absolute |
,048 |
Positive |
,028 |
|
Negative |
-,048 |
|
Test Statistic |
,048 |
|
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) |
,200c,d |
|
a. Test distribution is
Normal. |
||
b. Calculated from data. |
||
c. Lilliefors Significance
Correction. |
||
d. This is a lower bound of
the true significance. |
Based on the normality test table in
table 1.45 which was carried out using the SPSS 24 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
program, it can be seen that the Zcount value of this study is 0.048 with a
significance value of -0.048 greater than the significance level of 0.05. So it
can be concluded that all variables are normally distributed so that they meet
the requirements for the parametric statistical method of multiple linear
regression analysis.
2.
Homogeneity Test
Homogeneity test was carried out using
the Levene test. The data is said to be homogeneous if it has a
significance value (p) ≥ 0.05. The results of the homogeneity test are as
follows.
Table 6
Homogeneity
results of X3 over X1
Test of Homogeneity of
Variances |
|||
Y tie X1 |
|||
Levene Statistic |
df1 |
df2 |
Say. |
1,063 |
44 |
209 |
,382 |
Based on the table above, the results
show that: homogeneity significance is 0.382 (≥0.05) indicating that the
independent and dependent variables are homogeneous, with Levene Statistics
1.063.
Table 7
Homogeneity
results of X3 over X2
Test of Homogeneity of
Variances |
|||
Teaching Factory Program Service Quality |
|||
Levene Statistic |
df1 |
df2 |
Say. |
1,260 |
25 |
226 |
,221 |
Based on the table above, the results
show that: homogeneity significance is 0.221 (≥0.05) indicating that the
independent and dependent variables are homogeneous, with Levene Statistics
1.260.
3.
Linearity Test
The linearity test was carried out by
looking for the regression line equation of the transformational
leadership variable (X1), teacher professionalism (X2) on
the service quality of the teaching factory program (X3). Based on
the regression line that has been made, then the significance of the regression
line coefficient and its linearity are tested using transformational leadership
for linearity at a significance level
of 0.05. The criteria in the linearity test are that two variables are said to
have a linear relationship if the significance (linearity) less than 0.05.
Table 8
Linearity Test Results
ANOVA Table |
|||||||
|
Sum of Squares |
df |
Mean Square |
F |
Say. |
||
Teaching Factory Service
Quality * Transformational Leadership |
Between Groups |
(Combined) |
25461,494 |
75 |
339,487 |
2,374 |
,000 |
Linearity |
8027,261 |
1 |
8027,261 |
56,134 |
,000 |
||
Deviation from Linearity |
17434,233 |
74 |
235,598 |
1,048 |
,324 |
||
Within Groups |
25454,100 |
178 |
143,001 |
|
|
||
Total |
50915,594 |
253 |
|
|
|
Based on the results of the linearity
test between the Transformational Leadership variable and the Teaching Factory
Program Service Quality Variable in Table 1.9 above, it is known that the
significance value linearity of
0.000. That is, the significance value is less than 0.05 so it can be concluded
that between the two variables there is a linear relationship.
Table 9
Linearity Test
Results
ANOVA Table |
|||||||
|
Sum of Squares |
df |
Mean Square |
F |
Say. |
||
Teaching Factory
Program Service Quality * Teacher Professionalism |
Between Groups |
(Combined) |
21945,344 |
69 |
318,048 |
2,020 |
,000 |
Linearity |
5194,243 |
1 |
5194,243 |
32,990 |
,000 |
||
Deviation from
Linearity |
16751,102 |
68 |
246,340 |
1,065 |
,215 |
||
Within Groups |
28970,250 |
184 |
157,447 |
|
|
||
Total |
50915,594 |
253 |
|
|
|
Based on the results of the linearity
test between the teacher professionalism variable and the Teaching Factory
Program Service Quality Variable in Table 1.9 above, it is known that the
linearity significance value is 0.000. That is, the significance value is less
than 0.05 so it can be concluded that between the two variables there is a
linear relationship.
C.
Hypothesis testing
1. Determination
Coefficient Test
The value of the coefficient of
determination is between zero and one. Test the coefficient of determination (Adjusted R²) measure how far the
model's ability to explain the dependent variable. A value close to one means
that the independent variables provide almost all the information needed to
predict the variation of the dependent variable.
Table 10
Coefficient of Determination
Model Summary |
||||
Model |
R |
R Square |
Adjusted R Square |
Std. Error of the
Estimate |
1 |
,397a |
,158 |
,154 |
13,046 |
a. Predictors: (Constant),
Transformational Leadership |
From table 10 above, it can be seen
that the value Adjusted R² is 0.154,
this means that the Service Quality of the Teaching Factory Program can be
explained by Transformational Leadership of 0.154 or 15.4%, while the remaining
0.846 or 84.6% is explained by other variables not examined in this model.
2. F
test results
The F test or ANNOVA is used to
determine the effect of all the independent variables used in the regression
model together on the dependent variable tested at a significance level of
0.05. If the significance value <0.05 means that all the independent
variables jointly affect the dependent variable. If the significance value is
> 0.05, it means that all the independent variables together have no effect
on the dependent variable.
Table 11
F test results
ANOVAa |
||||||
Model |
Sum of Squares |
df |
Mean Square |
F |
Say. |
|
1 |
Regression |
8027,261 |
1 |
8027,261 |
47,166 |
,000b |
Residual |
42888,333 |
252 |
170,192 |
|
|
|
Total |
50915,594 |
253 |
|
|
|
a. Dependent Variable: Service
Quality of the Teaching Factory Program |
b. Predictors: (Constant),
Transformational Leadership |
Based on table 11, it shows that the F test results have a sig
value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. It can be concluded that all
independent variables, namely Transformational Leadership, are the control
variables simultaneously influencing the dependent variable, namely Program
Service Quality. The results of this study are in line with the research
conducted by Anisah and Fauzi, where there is a significant relationship
between the supervision of school principals and teacher professionalism on the
quality of educational services. (Anisa & Fathul Fauzi, 2021).
3. Linear
Regression Analysis
The results of data processing
between Transformational Leadership variables and the service quality of the
teaching factory program by usingsoftware
SPSS with the following results:
Table 12
Linear
Regression Results X1 Against Y
Coefficientsa |
||||||
Model |
Unstandardized
Coefficients |
Standardized
Coefficients |
t |
Say. |
||
B |
Std. Error |
Beta |
||||
1 |
(Constant) |
73,473 |
4,866 |
|
15,100 |
,000 |
Transformational leadership |
,330 |
,048 |
,397 |
6,868 |
,000 |
|
a. Dependent Variable: Service
Quality of the Teaching Factory Program |
Based
on table 12, the simple regression equation is obtained as follows:
Ŷ
= 73,473 + 0,330X1
a. The constanta value of
73.473 indicates the pure value of the Teaching Factory Program Service Quality
variable without being influenced by the Transformational Leadership variable.
b. The regression value (b1)
of 0.330 indicates that there is a positive contribution made by the
Transformational Leadership variable, meaning that if the Transformational
Leadership variable increases or is increased by 1 point, it will be followed
by a strengthening of the Teaching Factory Program Service Quality variable by
1 point.
4. Determination
Coefficient Test
The value of the coefficient of determination is between zero and
one. Test the coefficient of determination (Adjusted
R²) measure how far the model's ability to explain the dependent variable.
A value close to one means that the independent variables provide almost all
the information needed to predict the variation of the dependent variable.
Table 13
Coefficient of
Determination
Model Summary |
||||
Model |
R |
R Square |
Adjusted R Square |
Std. Error of the Estimate |
1 |
,319a |
,102 |
,098 |
13,470 |
a. Predictors: (Constant),
Teacher Professionalism |
From table 13
above, it can be seen that the Adjusted R² value is 0.158, this means that the Quality of Service of the Teaching Factory Program
can be explained by teacher professionalism of 0.098 or 9.8%, while the
remaining 0.902 or 90.2% is explained by other variables that not examined in
this model.
5. F
test results
The F test or
ANNOVA is used to determine the effect of all the independent variables used in
the regression model together on the dependent variable tested at a
significance level of 0.05. If the significance value <0.05 means that all
the independent variables jointly affect the dependent variable. If the
significance value is > 0.05, it means that all the independent variables
together have no effect on the dependent variable.
Table 14
F test results
ANOVAa |
||||||
Model |
Sum of Squares |
df |
Mean Square |
F |
Say. |
|
1 |
Regression |
5194,243 |
1 |
5194,243 |
28,629 |
,000b |
Residual |
45721,352 |
252 |
181,434 |
|
|
|
Total |
50915,594 |
253 |
|
|
|
a. Dependent Variable: Service
Quality of the Teaching Factory Program |
b. Predictors: (Constant),
Teacher Professionalism |
Based on table 14 it shows that the F test results have a sig
value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05. It can be concluded that all
independent variables, namely teacher professionalism, are the control
variables simultaneously influencing the dependent variable, namely Program
Service Quality. The results of this study are in line with the research
conducted (Dewi & Khotimah, 2020) showing that there is a significant
influence between teacher professionalism on the quality of education, teacher
professionalism has an influence of 78.5% on the quality of education and the
remaining 21.5% is caused by other factors which the author did not observe.
6.
Linear
Regression Analysis
The results of data processing between Transformational
Leadership variables and the service quality of the teaching factory program by
using software SPSS with the
following results:
Table 15
X2
Linear Regression Results Against Y
Coefficientsa |
||||||
Model |
Unstandardized
Coefficients |
Standardized
Coefficients |
t |
Say. |
||
B |
Std. Error |
Beta |
||||
1 |
(Constant) |
76,884 |
5,583 |
|
13,771 |
,000 |
Teacher Professionalism |
,322 |
,060 |
,319 |
5,351 |
,000 |
|
a. Dependent Variable: Service
Quality of the Teaching Factory Program |
Based
on table 1.16, the simple regression equation is obtained as follows:
Ŷ
= 76,884 + 0,332X2
1) The constanta value of
76.884 indicates the pure value of the Teaching Factory Program Service Quality
variable without being influenced by the variable of teacher professionalism.
2) The regression value (b1)
of 0.332 indicates that there is a positive contribution made by the variable
of teacher professionalism, meaning that if the variable of teacher
professionalism increases or is increased by 1 point, it will be followed by
strengthening of the Teaching Factory Program Service Quality variable by 1
point.
The results of joint hypothesis testing between transformational
leadership and teacher professionalism with the service quality of the teaching
factory program are as follows:
Table 17
Multicollinearity
Test
Coefficientsa |
|||
Model |
Collinearity
Statistics |
||
Tolerance |
VIF |
||
1 |
Transformational leadership |
,948 |
1,055 |
Teacher Professionalism |
,948 |
1,055 |
|
a. Dependent Variable: Service
Quality of the Teaching Factory Program |
Based
on the table above, the results show that the multicollinearity test of 0.948 (≥0.05) shows that there
is a joint relationship between transformational and professional teacher
leadership with the service quality of the teaching factory program at SMK PK
in DKI Jakarta with a value of 0.948 meaning that it has a very high level of
connectedness. This is in line with the research conducted
CONCLUSION
From
the results of the calculations and discussion it is known that: 1) there is
relationship: between the transformational leadership of school principals and
the service quality of the competitive teaching factory program at SMK PK in
DKI Jakarta. 2) there is a relationship between teacher professionalism and the
service quality of the competitive teaching factory program for SMK PK in DKI
Jakarta and 3) there is a relationship between the transformational leadership
of school principals and teacher professionalism together with the service
quality of the competitive teaching factory program for SMK PK in DKI Jakarta.
The
tools in this research are: school principals seek to increase transformational
leadership and educators to be more competent in their profession by providing
opportunities to attend various trainings both held by the school and outside
the school. Ways to improve the quality of education services include: 1. All
school members have good cooperation and help each other. 2. Participate in upgrading
3. Increase reading 4. Participate in courses on education 5. Establish good
relations with parents of students.
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