Decision Analysis for The Best Alternative Sedimentation Normalisation Management Method in Sediment Ponds

Abstract

The sediment pond normalization process plays a crucial role in maintaining environmental compliance and operational sustainability in open-pit coal mining. However, the conventional method used at PT BIB—relying heavily on trucks, excavators, and material blending—is often constrained by equipment inefficiencies, workforce limitations, weather disruptions, and environmental risks. This study aims to identify the root causes of these inefficiencies and propose an optimal alternative normalization method. Employing a qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts and analyzed using the Fishbone Diagram and Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART). The findings indicate that the Geotube method offers the most effective solution, eliminating the need for material blending, enabling operations during rainfall, reducing reliance on heavy equipment, and maintaining consistent sludge density. The implementation plan prioritizes high-volume sediment ponds and is supported by a structured budget, schedule, and risk management framework. The study contributes to improving mine wastewater management strategies and offers a replicable model for other industrial sectors aiming for sustainable sludge treatment practices.