Spatial Analysis of Potential Battery Swapping Station Locations for Ride Hailing Services Using Geographic Information System

Abstract

This study addresses the growing need for sustainable urban transportation infrastructure through the optimization of Battery Swapping Station (BSS) locations for electric motorcycles used in ride-hailing services in South Jakarta, Indonesia. The rapid growth of electric vehicle adoption has increased the importance of accessible and efficient energy replenishment systems, particularly for ride-hailing drivers with high mobility and operational intensity. However, the limited availability and uneven distribution of existing battery swapping infrastructure continue to hinder broader adoption of electric motorcycles. Therefore, this study aims to identify strategic locations for KYMCO iONEX Battery Swapping Stations using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial analysis approach. The research employed a quantitative spatial decision support framework integrating Origin-Destination mobility data from ride-hailing drivers, minimarket retail infrastructure data, Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI), and spatial overlay analysis. The findings reveal that demand for battery swapping services is highly concentrated in the north-central commercial corridors of South Jakarta, particularly in Kebayoran Baru and Setia Budi. The analysis identified ten high-priority candidate locations, with Indomaret Point Halte CSW achieving the highest demand potential score. The study concludes that BSS deployment should prioritize maximum demand capture rather than maximum geographic coverage. Integrating battery swapping facilities with high-frequency retail networks and transit-oriented development areas can significantly improve accessibility, operational efficiency, and the sustainability of urban electric mobility systems.